摘要
河槽是黄河下游排洪输沙的主要通道,而1986年后河槽严重淤积使下游致灾洪水量级大幅降低。基于1965年-2007年实测资料和河流泥沙动力学理论,现对高村以下河段河槽淤积原因进行了分析,发现其河槽淤积几乎全部发生在非汛期;引黄灌溉和高含沙洪水分别是非汛期和汛期河槽淤积的主要原因,20世纪90年代后期断流加剧则使高村-艾山段淤积比例明显增大,因此,为实现减淤,一要严格控制平水期花园口流量不超过700～900m3/s、杜绝断流,二要保障汛期大流量洪水,三要合理调控高含沙洪水。黄河孙口以上河段"上陡下缓",若遭遇"孙口以上各河段水面宽相差不大",必然出现"上冲下淤"现象;以往该情景主要发生在平水期,但因小浪底水库持续清水刷深河槽,目前此现象甚至发生在流量3500～4000m3/s的洪水期,因此建议小浪底水库以"维持下游河槽微冲微淤"为原则尽早提高其排沙比。
The main-channel of the lower Yellow River is its main path to transport floods and sediment.Since 1986,the main-channel has been shrinking step by step.Based on the observed data and river sediment dynamics theory,the paper concluded that almost all the deposition in the main-channel from Gaocun to Lijin was produced in non-flood season.Large volume of water for irrigation,unharmonious geometry pattern and the hyper-concentrated-sediment flood were the main factors influencing the main-channel,and the drying-up in later 90＇s increased the deposition ratio of the Gaocun-Aishan reaches.In order to decrease the deposition,the factors such as the discharge and sediment concentration and etc.should be controlled reasonably.Moreover,the paper also suggested that the Xiaolangdi reservoir should increase its sediment delivery ratio to stop the continuing scouring on the lower Yellow River.
出处
《南水北调与水利科技》
CAS
CSCD
2010年第5期30-35,共6页
South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology
基金
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAB06B08)
关键词
黄河
河槽
淤积
引黄灌溉
影响
the Yellow River
main-channel
deposition
irrigation
influence
