摘要
中国生态脆弱区主要位于经济相对落后的农村地区,农户是其最基础的社会单元,而农户在本地的经济行为直接或间接作用于本地生态环境,影响生态系统的健康程度。针对中国生态脆弱区生态系统的恢复问题,以鲁中南沂蒙山区B村为案例,采用田野调查和比较分析方法,对该村农户生计行为变迁过程及生态效应进行了较为深入的研究。研究结果表明:B村农户的生计方式可以划分为3个阶段,20世纪80年代末—90年代中期的纯农业活动阶段,20世纪90年代中期—21世纪初期的外出务工为主的阶段,21世纪初期至今的本地非农活动的兴起阶段。这3个阶段农户不同的生计行为对本地生态系统的干扰程度有所差异,生态系统状况表现为整体上趋向改善而局部恶化的特征,而在农户生计方式的演化过程中,社区增权是本地非农活动的兴起对主要驱动力;最终提出基于农户生计行为变迁的视角对生态恢复研究是当前人地系统科学的一个重要研究方向,社区增权有效推动农户生计行为的演化,但农户生计行为的演化有一定的时滞性,并提出对当前人地系统科学的普同性的解释范式应深入反思,避免西方社会的"文化霸权"在中国的蔓延。
The farmer household was the basic social unit of most ecologically fragile regions in China. Farmer household livelihood activity often greatly affected the rural ecological system. As to ecological restoration, the farmer household livelihood transition and its ecological effect were researched through field work and comparative analysis in B village Yimeng Mountain Area of south central Shandong Province. The study result showed as follows. The farmer household livelihood transition experienced three stages since 1980s, changing from pure agriculture to prevailing out-migration, then to local non-farm employment. Moreover, the substitute of farmer household livelihood in 21st century in B village was the main result of community empowerment. And to a great extent farmer household livelihood transition decided the ecosystem development. Lastly, the article put forward that nowadays the famer household livelihood transition and its ecological effect was an important research field of human-environment system science. In addition, the research paradigm of human-environment system science needed to be reflected in order to avoid the spread of western cultural hegemony in China.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第18期315-319,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"基于农户生计方式演替的生态恢复研究"(40901298)
福建省教育厅基金"基于农户生计方式演替的闽西生态脆弱区生态修复研究"(JA09058)
关键词
农户
生计行为
变迁
生态效应
社区增权
farmer household
livelihood
transition
ecological effect
community empowerment
