摘要
黄淮海地区是中国重要的小麦生产基地,为研究新型高效控失型复合肥对该地区小麦生长的影响,在安徽、河南、山东和河北四省小麦田等量和减量施用控失型复合肥和普通化肥,并对最终产量进行比较,分析新型高效化肥对小麦的产量、产量构成、氮肥农学利用率的影响。结果表明,不施肥处理小麦产量5401.80kg/hm2,施肥可以提高产量2～3成,是该区小麦增产的重要措施;等养分施肥试验中,控失型复合肥平均单产7673.16kg/hm2,较普通复合肥7361.31kg/hm2增产4.20%,氮肥农学利用率提高14.71%。产量结构分析显示,控失型复合肥增产主要通过提高小麦每公顷穗数和成穗率来实现;减量试验表明,控失型复合肥较普通复合肥在平均氮肥减少28%的情况下,平均单产分别是7498.20kg/hm2和7507.50kg/hm2,产量几乎相平,其氮肥农学利用率提高36.59%。试验证明,控失型复合肥是一种原理独特、高效的新型控缓释化肥,在黄淮海地区大规模推广使用对提高化肥利用率,增加小麦单产具有重要意义。
Huang-Huai-Hai Area was the very important wheat growth base in China. In order to analyze impact of the new and high efficient loss-control fertilizer on wheat growth, same and reduced amount of loss-control fertilizer and normal fertilizer were used in Anhui, Henan, Shandong and Hebei Province to compare the yield of wheat. Wheat yield, constituent factors of yield and nitrogen agronomy efficiency were analyzed to study influences of loss-control fertilizer. The results indicated that wheat yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Area is 5401.80 kg/hm2 without fertilizer application. It increased by 20% to 30% when fertilizer was applied which was also the important measure to increase production in this region. In equal amount treatment, loss-control fertilizer treated yield was 7673.16 kg/hm2 which increased 4.20% compared with normal fertilizer. The nitrogen agronomy efficiency also increased 14.71% . Loss-control fertilizer increased final yield mainly through increasing ear of grain per hectare and percentage of ear bearing. Reduced amount experiment indicated that when nitrogen application cut down by 28%, yield of wheat treated with loss-control fertilizer was 7498.20 kg/hm2 which was almost the same as normal fertilizer of 7507.50 kg/hm2. However, the nitrogen agronomy efficiency of loss-control fertilizer treatment increased 36.59% compared to normal fertilizer. This illustrated that loss-control fertilizer is a new type CRFs/SRFs of unique design principle and high efficient.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第18期186-191,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
中科院方向性项目
中科院合肥物质科学研究院院长基金项目
安徽省科技攻关项目(08010302117)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B06)
关键词
控失型
控缓释化肥
黄淮海
小麦
loss-control type
the control-release fertilizer
Huang-Huai-Hai Area
wheat
