摘要
地理底图是地学图件的重要组成部分，编绘地理底图的目的是为地学专题图提供地理基础和骨架，它起着定向和定位作用，对图件的完整性、对比性和表现力均具重要意义。本文结合作者多年的编图实践，概述了小比例尺地学图常规制图方法，如地理底图的编绘和设计，地图投影和地图投影的转绘，编图资料、地理内容的选取，地图符号及注记，制图工艺，英文版地图地名译名原则等。
The basic map of geography is the main part of geoscience map. The purpose of compiling the geographic map is tO suPPly the geoscience map with the correct foundation and the skeleton of geography. The basic map of geography can indicate the direction and plaaes for the geoscience map.Before compiling the basic map of geography, the compiler should understand the usefulness and the requirement, collect and analyse the materials, and make a study of geographic features for compiling region, etc. Then the compiler should make a design as the guide for compiling the basic map of geography. It includes the limits,format, scale, projection, materials, procedure, contents and its types, grades, norms,methods and requirements of compilation, cosmetic of cartography, symbols, colours,cartographic annotation, legends, etc.In accordance with the use, area, shape and the location, the compiler should select and design the projection, scale and the limits for the new map; collect the geographic materials which must be correct and at present as the basics, suPPlement and reference. All the work should be done before compiling the basic map of geography.The contents of basic map of geography includes geographic mesh of longitudes and latitudes, the hydrography features such as seas, rivers, lakes, canals, irrigation system ,etc:settlements;communication;boundary;maingeomorphic features such as the deserts, glaciers, mountains, basins, etc. The selected features of geography should reflect the characteristics of regional geography.The symbols, colours and the annotations on the map is the language of the map,also the foundation for representing and understanding the map as well. The designer should follow the usual principles f combining sciences with arts and traditions with creation, simple and clear, distinctness and easy for reading and drawing; laying stress on the subject of map and distinct gradation, conforming the changes of symbol,colour and annotation to the vision principle and the variable law.On the map of China P
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第3期260-267,共8页
Quaternary Sciences
关键词
地理底图
编绘
设计
地名译名
地学专题图
basic map of geography
compilation
design
translating place name
