摘要
目前,全国的医疗损害纠纷继续呈上升态势,而纠纷处理的法律依据要么欠缺,要么存在冲突,为此,《侵权责任法》设立了"医疗损害责任"专章予以统筹解决。对于救济的渠道,《侵权责任法》应当新设医疗损害纠纷仲裁制度。对于救济的法律依据,《侵权责任法》应当在过错的认定、因果关系的证明及司法鉴定与医学会鉴定之间的法律效力协调等方面作出权威性的规定。《侵权责任法》生效后,可以修订《医疗事故处理条例》,使《医疗事故处理条例》与《侵权责任法》中的鉴定方式、赔偿标准等规定相协调。也可以将《医疗事故处理条例》修改为《医疗损害处理条例》。对于举证责任,《侵权责任法》生效后,需要具体规范来细化"不必要的检查"的认定标准。对于赔偿资金的来源,可借鉴北京等地的医疗责任保险经验,建立赔偿责任的社会化机制,提高单个医疗机构和单个医务人员的抗风险能力。
At present, the amount of medical damage disputes in China is increasing continually. The main reason is that Chinese legal provisions are lacking or conflicting. It is necessary to address in chapters of special tort liability in Act on Tort Liability. On models of remedy, China should establish arbitration institution on medical damage disputes. On legal provisions for remedy, Act on Tort Liability should give authoritative provisions on cognizance of defect, demonstration of causal relation and harmonization between judicial identification and identification of medical association. When Act on Tort Liability is to be effective, China may amend Regulation on Handling of Medical Accidents so that it can be harmonized with Act on Tort Liability at aspects of modes of identification and standards of compensation. China can also amend Regulation on Handling of Medical Accidents as Regulation on Handling of Medical Damages. On liability for prove, after Act on Tort Liability become effective, Chinese Supreme People’s Court should promulgate judicial interpretations so that the standards of unnecessary medical examination and rational medical examination can both be established definitely. On origin of compensation fund, China can take experiences of medical liability insurance in Beijing as reference and establish social compensation mechanism. Only with these legislations, can we improve the ability of anti-risk of medical institution and medical staff.
