摘要
通过构建1999和2000年千岛湖生态系统的Ecopath模型,比较分析了实施保水渔业对千岛湖生态系统主要特征的影响。结果表明:1)实施保水渔业后湖泊生态系统中顶级消费者的有效营养级(ETL)出现不同程度的下降,其中鳡的ETL从1999年的3.85降至2000年的3.61,鲌类的ETL从3.56降至3.39;千岛湖渔获物1999年主要来自营养级Ⅲ(50.0%),而2000年主要来自营养级Ⅱ(48.74%),导致整个渔业平均营养级由1999年的2.74下降到2000年的2.61;2)2000年千岛湖生态系统的生产力以及系统规模较之1999年均有所下降,其中系统生产力由1999年的9878.0t/(km2.a)下降到2000年的6625.0t/(km2.a),减少了33.23%,系统的总消耗量、总输出和总呼吸等分别下降了29.65%、35.69%和30.60%。系统的总通量从1999年的35285t/(km2.a)减少到2000年的24271t/(km2.a);3)表征生态系统成熟度的相关指标(Pp/R值和Pp/B值的下降,FCI和Finn氏平均路径长度的增长)均表明2000年千岛湖生态系统较之1999年趋于成熟。
In this study we constructed two Ecopath models representing the Lake Qiandaohu ecosystem of the year of 1999 and 2000,respectively,for the quantitative comparison and analysis of the effects of Aquatic Environmental Protection Oriented（AEPO）Fishery which was begun to be carried out in 2000,on the characteristics of the lake ecosystem.AEPO fishery was considered to be a type of ecological fishery mode that was designed based on the principles of non-classical biomanipulation and the consumer-driven nutrient recycling theory of ecological stoichiometry.The main technology of it was the stocking of silver and bighead carps and the control of predatory fish,which could not only promote the survival of the stocking fish,but also increase the benthic detritivorous fish.The results showed the implementation of AEPO fishery reduced the ETL of top predators,such as the ETLs of Elopichthys and Erythroculter decreased from 3.85 and 3.56 in 1999 to 3.61 and 3.39 in 2000,respectively.The trophic levels of catch in the lake had also changed,i.e.,the catch had changed from Trophic Level III（50.0%）in 1999 to Trophic Level II（48.74%）in 2000,which further led to the drop of average ETL of the whole fishery from 2.74 in 1999 to 2.61 in 2000.Both ecosystem productivity and ecosystem size of Lake Qiandaohu in 2000 were lower than those in 1999,i.e.,the ecosystem productivity of the lake decreased from 9 878.0 t/（km^2·a）in 1999 to 6 625.0 t/（km^2·a）in 2000 with 33.23% decline,while sum of all consumption,sum of all exports and sum of all respiratory flows were decreased by 29.65%,35.69% and 30.60%,respectively.Moreover,total system throughput reduced from 35 285 t/（km^2·a）in 1999 to 24 271 t/（km^2·a）in 2000.Indices which indicate the maturity of an ecosystem（e.g.decline of Pp/R and Pp/B,increase of FCI and Finn＇s average path length）all showed that the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Qiandaohu was more developed in 2000 than in 1999.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第6期659-665,共7页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
基金
国家自然科学基金(30673088)
上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101)资助
