摘要
微生物燃料电池(MFC)主要由电极、催化剂和膜等3种重要原件组成.为了获取最大的功率密度和实现更高的库伦效率,研究人员不仅在结构设计上对MFC进行了很大的改进,而且在实现其功能的新材料方面,也取得了一定的进步.MFC电极通常使用碳质材料.就阳极而言,改变碳质材料的分子结构,可以使MFC阳极表现出良好的生物电化学性能,如碳纳米管的使用.但是,以碳作为基底实现聚苯胺与二氧化钛结合的复合材料,其优越的生物电化学性能,已经引起人们的特别关注.同时,为提高MFC的输出功率,MFC的结构设计也在不断变化,促使隔膜与阴极从分离的形式转向隔膜-阴极复合结构形式,这些结构形式通过Nafion117等聚合物或含官能团的四氟乙烯及聚吡咯与各种催化剂的复合来合成.参杂的催化剂常使用铂、铁酞菁、卟啉金属化合物、锰氧化物和热解铁酞菁进行合成,实现催化剂的固定化.另外,MFC阴极液或阴极液流经空气阴极表面时,阴极液最好含有过度元素氧化还原对或螯合铁,对提高MFC的效率有帮助.
Electrodes,catalysts,membranes,if present,are three main components in constructing a MFC for harvesting desired maximum power density and achieving higher coulombic efficiency（CE）.Great improvements have been made,based on previous researches,in developing and diversifying materials,aside from architectures.Electrodes most familiar to us are widely used carbon materials.For anodes,carbon matrix composites（e.g.,a combination of polyaniline（PANI） with TiO2 using carbon as substrate） have gained special attention,though carbon material itself can exhibit excellent performance by diversifying molecular structures such as carbon nanotubes（CNTs）.In the meanwhile,the evolution of MFC architectures,heading to the direction of improving power generation,contributes to the combination of membranes and cathodes from separate modes to diverse assemblies,on which all sorts of catalysts,such as from commonly used Pt to iron phthalocyanine（Pc）,metal tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin（TMPP）,MnOx,or pyrolyzed iron（Ⅱ） phthalocyanine（pyr-FePc）,can be immobilized through synthesis of these catalysts with polymer such as Nafion 117（Dupont Co.,USA） or tetrafluoroethylene（Teflon） containing functional groups or polypyrrole（PPy）.In addition,catholytes with aqueous cathode immersed or flowing through the surface of air-cathode are favorably proposed containing transition metal redox couples or iron chelates.
出处
《沈阳化工大学学报》
CAS
2010年第2期184-191,共8页
Journal of Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
