摘要
目的探索城市血吸虫病流行的形成因素,结合近年的防治效果,针对性地提出进一步的控制策略。方法通过对疫区及周围的钉螺调查,观察钉螺扩散分布情况;对流动人群进行血吸虫病监测,了解其感染情况;对居民、学生和流动人群进行血防知识行为问卷调查,了解其卫生习惯、血防知识知晓率、健康行为形成率;对防治措施产生的效果进行分析和评价。结果流行区钉螺无扩散,但从湖区流入市场的鱼虾中有钉螺发现;水上流动人群血吸虫感染率为3.13%,疫区民工中也存在感染者;流动人群血防知识及格率66.40%,主要血防行为判断正确率26.40%;采取人群、家畜化疗,环改灭螺、健康教育等主要控制措施后,人群家畜感染率下降为0,钉螺面积下降了53.90%。结论株洲市血吸虫病流行的形成因素主要为流动人群中血吸虫病人的输入,钉螺输入,流动人群卫生意识习惯较差等。对城市山丘型流行区,在达血吸虫病传播控制标准后,需加强输入性病例的监测、钉螺扩散的监测及采取环境改造消灭钉螺的策略。
Objective To explore the forming factors of urban schistosomiasis, and to put forward further control strategies according to the effect of schistosomiasis prevention in recent years. Methods The diffusion and distribution of snails around the infected area were observed. Schistosomiasis surveillance was conducted among the floating population to know the epidemic situation. Schistosomiasis questionnaire survey on hygienic habit, knowledge awareness rate, and forming rate of healthrelated behaviors was conducted among the residents, students and floating population. The effects of schistosomiasis prevention and control measures were analyzed and assessed. Results No snail diffusion was found in popular surrounding areas of schistosomiasis, but the snails were found in fish and shrimps sold in the markets. The infection rate of waterborne floating population was 3.13%. Some migrant workers were infected in epidemic areas. The passing rate of schistosomiasis knowledge of floating population was 66.40%, and the accuracy rate of main behaviors judgment was 26.40%. After adopting the main control measures such as chemotherapy of residents and livestock, snail control by environmental modification, and health education, the infection rate of residents and livestock was decreased to 0, and the snail areas reduced to 53.90 %. Conclusions The main forming factors of schistosomiasis in Zhuzhou are the imported cases, the imported snails, and the poor hygienic habits of floating population. After the mountainous regions with Oncomelania hupensis reaching the standard of transmission control for schistosomiasis, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of imported cases and the diffusion of snails, and adopt the strategy of snail control by environmental modification
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2010年第7期1298-1300,共3页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
城市血吸虫病
流行因素
控制策略
Urban schistosomiasis
Epidemic factors
Control strategy
