摘要
In western China seismic wave fields are very complicated and have low signal to noise ratio.In this paper,we focus on complex wave field research by forward modeling and indicate that density should not be ignored in wave field simulation if the subsurface physical properties are quite different.We use the acoustic wave equation with density in the staggered finite-difference method to simulate the wave fields.For this purpose a complicated geologic structural model with rugged surfaces,near-surface low-velocity layers,and high-velocity outcropping layers was designed.Based on the instantaneous wave field distribution,we analyzed the mechanism forming complex wave fields.The influence of low velocity layers on the wave field is very strong.A strong waveguide occurs between the top and base of a low velocity layer,producing multiples which penetrate into the earth and form strong complex wave fields in addition to reflections from subsurface interfaces.For verifying the correctness of the simulated wave fields,prestack depth migration was performed using different algorithms from the forward modeling.The structure revealed by the stacked migration profile is same as the known structure.
在我国的西部地区,地震波场十分复杂,信噪比低。本文采用波动方程正演模拟的方法研究复杂波场的形成原因。在模拟物性差异较大介质中的地震波场时,密度的影响不可忽略,因此,本文用含密度项的声波方程的交错网格有限差分法模拟地震波场并进行分析。设计了一个具有起伏地表、低速覆盖层和高速地层出露的复杂构造,从瞬时波场分布分析了形成复杂波场的原因。低速层对地震波场的影响明显,低速层中产生很强的槽波,低速层顶底形成的多次反射向地下传播又形成了复杂的反射波场。为了验证波场模拟结果的可靠性,对模拟波场用与正演模拟不同的算法进行叠前深度偏移,得到了与已知构造相同的偏移叠加剖面。
基金
supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40974069)
PetroChina Innovation Foundation(Grant No.2009D-5006-03-01)
National Key Basic Research Development Program(GrantNo.2007CB209601)
National Major Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.2008ZX05010-002 and 2008ZX05024-001)
