摘要
光伏太阳能作为一种可永久利用的清洁能源,有着巨大的开发应用潜力。我国太阳能光伏产品的生产已经有20多年历史,但是真正进入规模化生产阶段是在2003年以后,民营企业陆续在海外上市融资,在发达国家设立研发机构,而在国内形成生产基地,并将最终产品通过自己的网络销售到发达国家。在全球光伏产业价值链中,我国光伏企业集中于电池片和光伏组件的制造环节。由于我国在上游的多晶硅环节缺乏生产能力,企业需要进口大量料件,同时,因光伏发电成本较高,光伏产品主要出口到发达国家市场,从而形成了加工贸易的生产方式。这种商业模式使以民营企业为主体的光伏产品制造商不仅拥有料件的采购权,而且拥有产品的销售权和自主品牌,因而当国内具有料件的供应能力和产品的消费能力时,加工贸易可以转换成一般贸易。学习曲线模型的分析结果表明,对光伏企业产生较大影响的是上游的多晶硅料件市场价格。
As a clean renewable energy, photovoltaic （PV） solar energy has great potential of development and application. China has 20 years of history in solar PV production, but it was in 2003 that China came into the large-scale production phase, when many private enterprises successively listed overseas financing. Generally, these companies established research institutions in developed countries, set up production base in domestic, and sold the final product to developed countries through own network. In the global value chain of PV industry, companies in China mainly fo- cus on the manufacture of PV cells and modules. As the lack of production capacity for polysilicon in China, they need to import large quantities of materials, and then export most of PV products to foreign markets due to the high cost of photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, it generates processing trade for PV industries in China. This kind of business model helps to bring manufacturers of photovoltaic products, most of which belongs to private enterprises, and not only have the right in procurement of materials, but also have the selling right and own brands. Thus when domestic market has the supply capacity of raw materials and the consumption capacity of PV products, the processing trade can be converted into general trade, or even domestic sales. Although the PV companies are controlled by private enterprises, but to a large extent, they are influenced by the supply of polysilicon and final markets in developed countries. This paper tries to use the learning curve model to confirm this, and the analysis shows that： which generate more significant impact on the business of these processing trade companies is the market price of polysilicon in the upstream.
出处
《国际贸易问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第7期89-96,共8页
Journal of International Trade
基金
国家社科基金项目“我国加工贸易企业生产控制模式研究”(项目编号:08BJL048)资助
关键词
太阳能
光伏产品
光伏企业
加工贸易
生产控制模式
学习曲线
Solar energy
Photovoltaic products
Photovoltaic enterprises
Processing trade
Production control mode
Learning curve
