摘要
在GIS和FRAGSTATS软件支持下,结合景观格局数量分析方法,利用1979-2008年间共6期TM遥感影像与非遥感数据,对天津滨海新区近30年的湿地景观空间格局进行了动态分析。结果表明,滨海新区湿地(以人工湿地为主),1979-2004年滨海新区湿地总面积变化不大,但各类型间转换较大,主要是自然湿地转变为人工湿地,沼泽湿地几近消失。2006-2008年,由于城市建设大量滨海滩涂湿地被围填占用,到2009年5月自然海岸线的90%以上被占用。景观破碎度增加,湿地斑块数量从137个增加到704个,同时造成平均斑块面积下降。驱动力分析表明,降雨量减少的同时,年平均气温上升是主要的自然驱动因素。和自然因素相比,人类干扰为主要人文驱动因素,表现在水产养殖为主的农业经济活动、城市建设用地占用和围海造地等方面。目前,滨海新区几乎没有自然湿地生态系统,破碎化和人工化是该区域湿地的主要特征。
Wetland ecosystem which has special hydrology,soil,vegetation and biology characters are places where land and water meet.Wetland is the landscape having highest biodiversity and important habitat which has highest productivity and many ecological functions.Tianjin＇s Binhai New Area（BNA） is located in the northeast of North China Plain,Haihe River downstream and at the center of the Bohai Bay.The Central Government of China and the State Council have made important strategic planning to push forward development of the Binhai New Area and make it become the Comprehensive Reform Experimental Zones.We can forecast that BNA will develop rapidly in future.With the growth in economy,the disturbance to natural ecosystem will enhance.Wetland ecosystem is the main natural ecosystem of BNA,however now the wetlands have been destroyed both in quantity and quality.The wetland ecosystem is facing serious crisis.Combining the integrated technology of landscape quantity analytical method with GIS technology,basing on TM images between 1979 and 2008,the FRAGSTATS software and the investigation data,dynamic changes in wetland landscape pattern of Binhai New Area are analyzed.The results showed that the total area of wetland landscape has not been greatly reduced.The total wetland area is 58.78% of Binhai New Area in 2008 and the landscape dominance is obvious.Much natural wetland converted into urban construction land.Littoral wetland decreased as construction between 2004 and 2008,more than 90% of natural beach was used up to May of 2009.Wetland patch number is increased from 137 to 704 meanwhile the average patch area decreased with the development of economy.Driving factor analyses showed that the main natural factor is the decrease of precipitation meanwhile increase of average air temperature.Main human disturbance factors includes aquiculture,city construction and coastal reclamation.
出处
《地球信息科学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期436-443,共8页
Journal of Geo-information Science
基金
天津市科技支撑计划重点项目"天津滨海新区湿地生态恢复关键技术研究"(08ZCGYSF00200)
天津师范大学博士基金项目(52X09018)共同资助
关键词
湿地景观
景观格局动态
驱动力
功能退化
滨海新区
天津
wetland landscape
dynamic of landscape patterns driving factor
functional degradation
Binhai New Area
Tianjin City
