摘要
普氏原羚生活在沙漠与干旱草原生态交错区（Ｅｃｏｔｏｎｅ）。青海湖畔沙漠中植被盖度较高，沙地沙蒿群落中普氏原羚活动较多，而沙地柏群落中普氏原羚活动较少。普氏原羚在沙地和距离沙地２～３ｋｍ以内的地域内活动，利用起伏沙丘作为隐蔽生境。草原中的芨芨草群落、冷蒿—紫花针茅群落是普氏原羚的主要取食场所。普氏原羚具晨昏型活动规律，在傍晚和清晨取食，其活动避开牛羊的取食时间。普氏原羚常常聚群活动，它们在繁殖期、育幼期和交配期形成大小不同的群体。群体的类型包括同性群、混合群和单一个体群。非繁殖季节普氏原羚雌雄分群活动。目前在人为活动影响下，普氏原羚很难进行季节性迁移。
Przewalskis gazelle is endemic to China, now the species is only found in the Qinghai lake region, where vast desert develops. The Przewalskis gazelle takes desert as a refuge. Whenever it is disturbed, the gazelle flee into the desert. It also rests and ruminates in the sand hills. The gazelle had two major feeding bouts, one in the early morning and another in the late afternoon. The gazelles adopted such a activity to avoid the interference of livestocks grazing in the its feeding habitat during the day time. Since 1994, most of the grasslands and meadow in the Qinghai lake region have been fenced, consequently little room is left for the gazelle. The gazelles are now hanging on in the ecotone between desert and grassland. There are nine major vegetation types in the Qinghai lake region: Achnatherum splendens Community, which occupies the terrain. In the plant community, there are Leymus secalinus, Agropryron cristatum, Carex stenophylla, which are all grazed by the Przewalskis gazelle. However, the gazelle eat little Achnatherum splendens due to its high fiber content in summer, but in winter when available foods are scarce, Achnatherum splendens turned out to be major food resource for the gazelles. Stipa purpursa community is distributed on the plain region 3 300～3 400 m above sea leave, within the community plant coverage is about 50%～70%,other plants in the community include Poa pratensis, Carex stenophylla, Koeleria cristafa. Microscopy of the fecal samples of the Przewalskis gazelle found in the community indicated that the gazelle ate Stipa purpursa, Poa pratensis , Carex stenophylla and Koeleria cristafa . Female gazelle and lambs spent much of their daily time in the plant community, whereas the male gazelles were seldom found in the habitat. Artemisia frigida Stipa purpursa community is developed around the sand hills, vegetation coverage is about 30%, Stipa purpursa, Orinus kokonorica and Carex stenophylla are also found in the plant co
出处
《兽类学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第1期17-24,共8页
Acta Theriologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院"百人计划"项目
国家自然科学基金
国家杰出青年科学基金
博士后基金
关键词
普氏原羚
活动规律
生境选择
青海湖
Przewalskis gazelle (Procapra przewalskii)
Activity pattern
Habitat election
Qinghai lake
