摘要
唐朝在突厥降户中贾胡的处理上采取把他们安置在适合生活的地方,并对之进行驱使的办法。这典型的表现在"六胡州"州城的建置及其运用之上。六胡州设于"河曲"之地的中西部一带,介于六州中的灵州、夏州之间,是指鲁、丽、塞、含、依、契等六小州。在突厥降户中,主要是贾胡降户被集体安置在这些州城之内。这些州城位于今内蒙古自治区河套地区的最南段一带,以及长城以北较为狭窄的地区,属于北方著名的湖泽地区,利于养马。六胡州民之所以主要由贾胡降户来组成,是因为他们具有养马等技术特长。他们在六胡州的州城内受到统治,并受驱使从事养马的工作。六胡州在高宗调露元年建置,这时唐朝正好遭遇养马大量丧失的危机,这是建置六胡州的重要原因。此外,六胡州因"以唐人为刺史",而不称羁縻州。六胡州民居于州城内的"坊"里。他们不一定都一直活动在州城之内,但应"编籍"在州城中一定区域的名称之下。
Facing the problem about how to deal with the surrendered minority—Sogdian which one branch of Turks,Tang Dynasty used the way that moved them in suitable places and drove them to do some service.The typical example was the foundation and application of the ＂Six Hu Prefectures＂.The Prefectures were located around the central and western belt of the ＂He-Qu＂ region between the ＂Ling Prefecture＂ and the ＂Xia Prefecture＂,in general,they were called ＂Little Six Prefectures＂—Lu,Li,Sai,Han,Yi,Qi and so on.Among the surrendered householder,especial Sogdian was settled in such places.The places were in the narrow territory where between the most southern belt named ＂He-Tao＂（in today＇s Inner Mongolia）and the Great Wall.The places were famous ＂Lake-region＂ and were very helpful to breed horses.Being good at breeding horses,people in ＂Six Hu Prefectures＂ were mainly composed by Sogdian.They were ruled under here and drove to do the job—breeding horses.＂Six Hu Prefectures＂ were built at the first year of ＂Tiao-Lu＂—the period in ＂Tang Gao Zong＂ emperor.At the same time,Tang Dynasty happened to come across the crisis of losing a large number of horses,so it was the key reason to built ＂Six Hu Prefectures＂.In addition,the ＂Six Hu Prefectures＂ were not called ＂Ji-Mi Prefecture＂ because that the governor in the prefectures was from Tang Dynasty.People in the prefectures lived in places named ＂Fang＂.Of course,it was not necessary for the surrendered minority to live inside the ＂Fang＂ all the time,but they should be recorded as a membership with some mark in the prefectures.
出处
《中国历史地理论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第2期27-45,共19页
Journal of Chinese Historical Geography
关键词
六胡州
降胡
贾胡
六州
Six Hu Prefectures
Surrendered Hu
Sogdian
the Six Prefectures
