摘要
针对生产中红花大金元烤烟品种对黑胫病和根黑腐病(俗称"两黑病")抗性较低的问题,通过田间试验研究了不打杀菌剂条件下增加施钾量(与目前生产推荐187.5kgK2Ohm–2相比,分别增加75和150kgK2Ohm–2)对红花大金元烟株移栽后不同时间段健康烟株烟叶中的总氮、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、总酚和类黄酮含量等生理生化指标及烤烟"两黑病"发病情况的影响。结果表明,随施钾量增加,烟叶内总氮、蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量下降,而可溶性糖、总酚和类黄酮含量则相反;同时"两黑病"发病情况也呈明显下降趋势。上述指标在对照与高钾处理间差异显著,且上述结果在烟株移栽后不同时间段规律一致。烤后烟叶产量、产值以中钾处理最大,高钾处理次之,对照最小。中、高钾两处理产量比对照分别增加4.49%和1.55%,产值分别增加18.27%和12.34%,中钾处理与对照间差异明显。说明目前红花大金元烤烟生产中的推荐施钾量偏低,应适当增加施钾量以增强烟株抗性,减少"两黑病"病害的发生。就本试验而言,当地施钾量以增加75kgK2Ohm–2(即总量达262.5kgK2Ohm–2)为宜。
Flue-cured tobacco production plays an important role for the most farmers in Yunnan province. However, farmers are not willing to plant Hongdavariety, partly because the tobacco seedlings are much susceptible to black shank and black root rot even when fertilized with the same ratio of potassium as for the resistant varieties such as K326 and Yun 85. In addition to the genetic difference in resistance, whether potassium application rate recommended for Hongda variety in the production is sufficient to enhance its resistance to diease is not clear. Therefore, three potassium application rates, including 187.5 （CK, recommended in the production）, 262.5 and 337.5 kg K2O ha^-1, were designed to compare the tobacco seedlings’ resistance to black shank and black root rot in field experiment. The leaves were sampled from healthy tobacco plants （Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Hongda） at 33, 41, 62, 69, 76 days after transplanting （DAT）, and some physiological-biochemical parameters such as contents of nitrogen, protein, free amino acid, soluble sugar, phenol and flavonoid were determined. Meanwhile, the severity of black shank and black root rot on tobacco plants was recorded in the field at 10-day interval from 24 DAT to 114 DAT. The results showed that the contents of N, protein and free amino acid reduced, the contents of flavonoid, phenol and soluble sugar in leaf increased when potassium application rate was raised. In addition, decreased severity of black shank and black root rot was observed with increasing potassium rate at 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94, 104 and 114 DAT. There was significant difference between the two treatments with K2O application rate at 337.5 and 187.5 kg ha^-1 respectively in the parameters mentioned above. However, the leaf yield and economic value reached the peak when potassium was applied at 262.5 kg K2O ha^-1. Compared with those of the control, the leaf yield and economic value increased by 4.49% and 18.27% respectively in the treatment with potassium application rate at 262.5 kg K
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期856-862,共7页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
云南省烟草公司科技项目计划(07A30)资助
关键词
烤烟
红花大金元
钾
抗性
黑胫病
根黑腐病
Flue-cured tobacco Variety Hongda Potassium Resistance Black shank Black root rot
