摘要
探明长期常规施肥下灌淤土小麦产量变化及其与施肥的关系,为灌淤土小麦施肥管理及提高作物产量提供理论依据。采取统计分析的方法,研究国家级土壤肥力长期监测点中灌淤土的4个代表性监测点常规施肥条件下小麦产量变化及其与施肥量的关系。结果表明,灌淤土长期耕作施肥近20年,小麦产量呈现出极显著的增长趋势,年均增加117 kg/hm2,多年平均产量5 354 kg/hm2;无肥区小麦产量则表现为下降趋势,年减产50 kg/hm2,多年平均产量1 420 kg/hm2。小麦产量与化肥NP、总施肥量(有机加无机)NPK均呈极显著正相关,其中前者呈对数关系,后者更接近直线相关,相关系数分别为0.699 5、0.395 5。小麦肥料农学利用效率平均年下降速率0.250 1 kg/kg,施肥区相对于无肥区的多年平均增产率371%,其中,在单施化肥情况下,前者平均年下降速率为1.766 4 kg/kg,后者表现出下降趋势,但不显著;而有机无机配施条件下,则前者有上升趋势,但不显著,后者年均增加30.9个百分点。施肥是增加灌淤土小麦产量的重要措施。采取有机无机肥料相结合的方式,在施足有机肥的基础上,适当控制磷肥施用量,增施氮钾肥可实现小麦高产、稳产。
The study was conducted to reveal the relationship between wheat yield and fertilizing amount under long-term conventional fertilization,and to provide scientific reference for fertilization management and wheat yield improvement in irrigation silting soils.The dynamic relationship between wheat yield variations and fertilizer application were revealed by statistical analysis based on the nearly 20 years data sets in 4 long-term experiments in irrigation silting soils.After nearly 20 years fertilization,in irrigation silting soils region,wheat yield showed ascending trend,average increment was 117 kg/hm2 per year,average annual yield was 5 354 kg/hm2;On the other hand,in none-fertilizer plot,wheat yield showed descending trend,yearly decreased 50 kg/hm2,average annual yield was 1 420 kg/hm2.Wheat yield showed very significant positive correction with chemical fertilizer NPK and total NPK（including organic and chemical fertilizers together）,the former was logarithmic relationship while the latter was more nearly straight line correlation.The correlation coefficient was 0.699 5 and 0.395 5,respectively.The fertilizer agronomic efficiency（FAE） decreased with average annual rate of 0.250 1 kg/kg.The relatively average annual stimulation ratio（ASR）of fertilized plot to no fertilization plot was 371%.When chemical nutrients were applied only,both FAE and ASR showed descending trend,and the former had descending ratio 1.766 4 kg/kg while the latter was not significant.Meanwhile,under combination of organic and chemical nutrients applied,the yield showed ascending trend,the FAE was indistinctive and the ASR had average ascending ratio of 30.9%.Fertilization was an important approach to improve crop yield in irrigation silting soils.After nearly 20 years fertilizer application,wheat yield in irrigation silting soils had a great change.It was an appropriate way to combine chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers application in this soil.It was suggested that increasing N and K fertilizers and controlling P
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第2期29-34,共6页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家基础性工作专项项目(2007FY220400)
“十一五”重点科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09、2006BAD02A14)资助
关键词
长期施肥
灌淤土
小麦产量
long-term fertilization
irrigation silting soils
wheat yield
