摘要
运用19种限制性内切酶对中国11个家鹅品种138个样本进行了mtDNA的限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析。在使用的19种内切酶中，有7个酶检测出多态。综合27种限制性态型（restrictionmorph），可得到6种mtDNA单倍型（hopotype）。伊犁鹅与另外10个鹅品种没有共享的单倍型，遗传距离和UPGMA聚类分析也表明，伊犁鹅与这些品种具有不同的起源。EcoRV、HaeⅡ、HincⅡ和KpnⅠ4种酶的限制性态型可作为鉴别两种起源家鹅的母系遗传标记。起源于鸿雁的10个鹅品种群体内出现一定的遗传差异，其群体多态度（π）、单倍型间平均遗传距离（P）、品种间平均净遗传距离（δnet）分别为0．025％、0．266％和0．029％。白羽鹅品种在形成过程中经历过创立者效应（foUndereffect）。这10个鹅品种可能起源于两个不同地理区的鸿雁类群。
Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of 138 samples from 11 domestic goose breeds inChina were investigated by digesting, with 19 restriction endonucleases. Of 19enzymes used, seven (Bcl Ⅰ, Dra Ⅰ, EcoRV, HaeⅡ, Hinc Ⅱ, Kpn Ⅱ Sac Ⅰ ) detectedpolymorphic patterns. By combining 27 restriction morphs, 138 individuals wereclassified into 6 mtDNA haplotypes. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by usingUPGMA. There was no shared haplotype between Yili breed and the other 10 breeds.Genetic distance and UPGMA tree also suggested that Yili breed and other breedscame from different ancestors. Yili breed originated from Anser anser and other 10breeds originated from Anser cygnoides. Restriction morphs digested with 4 enzymes(EcoRV, Haed, HincⅡ and Kpn Ⅰ) could be used as maternal genetic markers todistinguish the two types of domestic geese. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism wasobserved in the ten breeds of Anser cygnoides. Nucleotide diversity (π), geneticdistance between the two types and the average genetic distance among the ten breedswere estimthed to be 0.025%, 0.266%, 0.029%, respectively. The breeds with whiteplume were affected by founder effect when they were formed. Swan domestic geese,Anser cygnoides domesticus, in China might come from two different poptilations ofAnser cygnoides at two different plaaes.
基金
国家自然科学基金!39660056
国家杰出青年科学家基金!3952013
国家科委高技术司基础专项基金
云南省科委"二百人"计划的资助
关键词
鹅
线粒体DNA
多态
起源
分化
Geese, Mitochondrial DNA, Polymorphism, Origin, Differentiation
