摘要
农业生产中,农业化学品的大量使用产生了明显的负外部性影响,尤其是农业的面源污染问题随化肥、农药投入的增加而不断加剧。通过统计分析方法,对农业化学品投入数量及区域分布特征、农业化学品投入存在的问题及其所造成的面源污染问题进行分析。结果表明:化肥和农药总投入不断增加,其中河南、山东、江苏、安徽、湖北和湖南6省投入总额接近全国的一半;农业化学品使用存在过量投入、投入结构失衡和施肥施药技术落后等问题;农业化学投入品的过量使用造成的环境污染问题正不断加剧,农业面源污染排放对污染总量的贡献率不断上升。最后提出了相关政策建议,包括加强农业面源污染控制的政策框架和配套制度建设、推广成熟的化肥农药施用技术和加强农业环保教育。
Intensified agriculture has promoted rural and agricultural economic development of China, in which fertilizers and pesticides played a pivotal role. However, the extensive use of agri-chemicals also had significant negative externality effects, especially the agricultural nonpoint source pollution. This article analyzed the agri-chemical use and its regional distribution, the problems of agri-chemical use and the results of non-point source pollution based on statistical analysis method. The results were as follows：Total fertilizer and pesticide use continued to increase. The main six province, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and Hunan nearly accounted for half of the country＇s agri- chemical use. Agri-chemical inputs had several problems at present, including excessive use, structural imbalance and technological backwardness. Unreasonable agri-chemical use also caused agricultural non-point source pollution problems. Contribution rate of non-point source poll ution to total pollution rised continually. Finally, this article put forward countermeasures and suggestions, including strengthening policy framework and supporting institutions of agricultural non-point source pollution control, promoting sophisticated chemical fertilizer and pesticide application techniques and strengthening agricultural environmental education.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第3期107-110,共4页
China Population,Resources and Environment
关键词
农业化学品
面源污染
可持续发展
agricultural chemicals
non-point poliution
sustainable development
