摘要
采用田间试验,研究不同施肥水平对秋播(2007年)和春播(2008年)甜玉米(粤甜9号)物质形成累积特征的影响。结果表明,从苗期开始,甜玉米各主要生育期的物质形成累积都保持较高的速率;从拔节开始至抽雄,吐丝开始至成熟收获期间出现两个高峰。在本试验条件下,氮素供应是提高植株物质形成累积和获取高产的主导因素。施氮分别增加了秋播和春播甜玉米成熟期干物量445%和142.9%;商品产量627%和193%。春播N、P2O5、K2O最佳经济施用量分别为373.8 kg/hm2、68.1 kg/hm2和230.8 kg/hm2;秋播甜玉米最佳经济施氮量为N 371.4kg/hm2,磷、钾肥虽未获显著增产效果,生产上可参考春播结果施用磷、钾肥料,以保证养分的收支平衡。施氮可显著提高了甜玉米的单苞鲜重和子粒率,增加鲜子粒维生素C含量;而施用磷、钾肥则趋于提高子粒的可溶性糖含量。春播的生育期较秋播延长了12 d,但各处理收获期的干物量和商品产量平均分别降低41.5%和26.0%,反映了季节性变化对甜玉米生长发育的显著影响。
Field trials were conducted with spring sown sweet crop in 2007 and a fall sown one in 2008 to investigate the influence of fertilization on growth and development of sweet corn.The cultivar of Yuetian 9 was adopted as the test crop.It has been observed that dried matter mass maintained relatively high cumulating rates from seedling throughout all other growth stages for both sown dates.Two cumulating peaks were observed from node-elongating to tasseling and from silking to harvesting.In conditions of this study,supply of N was the dominant factor increasing dried matter mass and ear yield of sweet corn.Treatments with N fertilizers increased dried matter mass and ear yield in maturity by 445% and142.9%,627% and 193%,respectively for the fall and spring sown crop.Based on the regression analysis,the optimum economic N,P2O5 and K2O rates were 373.8,68.1 and 230.8 kg/ha,respectively for the spring sown crops. For the fall sown crop,optimum economic N rate was 371.4 kg/ha.In addition,appropriate N supply enhanced fresh ear weight,dried seed rate and vitamin C content of fresh seeds,while P and K fertilizations enhanced soluble sugar content of fresh seeds.Compared to fall sown sweet corn,the spring sown crop required 12 d more to reach maturity,and reduced dried matter mass and ear yield by 41.5% and 26.0% in average respectively.It was concluded that sown date had a significant influence on the growth and development of sweet corn.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期58-64,共7页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
广东省农业攻关项目
广东省国际科技合作项目(2007A020400002
2006A50106003)资助
关键词
甜玉米
物质形成
品质
施肥
sweet corn mass cumulating quality fertilization
