摘要
在人工控制试验条件下，采用子母盆栽土培法，以夏玉米为材料进行了调亏灌溉试验研究。结果表明，玉米调亏灌溉是可行的，可以实现节水、高产和高效的目标。适时适度地水分亏缺显著抑制蒸腾速率，而光合速率下降不明显，复水后光合速率又具有超补偿效应，光合产物具有超补偿积累，且有利于向籽粒运转与分配；抑制营养生长，增大作物根冠比，提高了根系传导力，增强了植株抗旱性。玉米节水高产的调亏灌溉指标是：调亏时段为三叶一心—拔节（七叶一心），调亏度为４５％～６５％的田间持水率（θｆ），历时２１天；或拔节～抽穗调亏，调亏度为６０％～６５％，历时２１天；平均比对照增产２５．２４％，节水１５．４１％，水分利用效率提高４５．０５％。
Under the condition of control test, by cultivating in pots containing soil,with maize as material, the Regulated Deficit Irrigation(RDI)was studied.The results showed that RDI in maize was a practicable technology for water saving,high yield and high efficiency.Under appropriate amount of water deficit at right stages,the transpiration rate decreased obviously,and the photosynthesis rate diminution was not obvious. There were super compensative effects in photosynthesis and photosynthetic products accumulation after rewatering. The proportion of photosynthetic products distributed in the grains tends to increase. RDI was able to control vegetative growth,increase root shoot ratio,raise root obsorption activities and promote anti drought resistance of plant. The indexes of RDI for water saving and high yield in summer maize as follows:the stages of regulated water deficit is threeleaves jointing, the amount of water deficit is 45% θ f ～65% θ f ,or regulated water deficit during jointing heading,the amount of water deficit is 60% θ f ～65% θ f ,and the water deficit duration is 21 days. RDI increased yield by 25.24%, water consumption decreased by 15.41%, Water use efficiency( WUE ) increased by 45.05% as compared with conventional irrigation.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第4期88-92,共5页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家"九五"攻关项目
关键词
夏玉米
调亏灌溉
生理机制
指标
节水灌溉
summer maize, regulated deficit irrigation(RDI), physiological mechanism
