摘要
【目的】探讨间作芳香植物对沙地梨园节肢动物群落结构的影响。【方法】以沙地黄金梨园设置间作薄荷(Tr1)、孔雀草(Tr2)、罗勒(Tr3)和自然生草(Tr4)为处理,清耕区(Tr5,CK)为对照,对梨树年生长周期中各间作区节肢动物群落结构特征进行系统调查和分析。【结果】梨园不同芳香植物间作区节肢动物群落结构特征不同:各间作区中节肢动物群落的科数无明显差别;而个体数以Tr2、Tr1<Tr3<Tr4<Tr5(CK)(P<0.01)顺序依次增加。不同芳香植物间作区节肢动物各功能群的结构特征存在不同差异:梨园间作芳香植物条件下,节肢动物群落中各功能群的科数总和、个体数总和以及益害比(天敌/害虫)存在显著性差异(P<0.05);同一类群中节肢动物群落的科数在各间作区无显著差异,而个体数、优势度集中性指数、多样性指数和均匀度在各间作区间呈现多样性差异。梨园间作芳香植物条件下,各间作区节肢动物群落个体数、多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度在梨树各生长阶段表现不同;梨园间作芳香植物能有效降低梨树花期以后的节肢动物数量,尤其以梨果实膨大期效果最为明显。【结论】梨园间作芳香植物对控制梨园害虫数量的发生,增加天敌数量,调控梨园节肢动物群落结构具有一定的作用。
[Objective] This paper was aimed to discuss the effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the arthropod community structure in the orchard of pear ＇Huangjin＇. [Method] Mentha haplocalyx （Briq.var.piperascens Malinvaud） （Tr1）, Tagetes patula L.（Tr2）, Ocimum basilicum L. （Tr3） and natural sward （Tr4） intercropped in pear orchard were taken as four treatments and clean tillage （TrS,CK） as control. The characteristics of arthropod community structure in different intercropping plots were surveyed and analyzed systematicly in the annual growth cycle of pear. [Result] The results showed that the characteristics of arthropod community structure were different in different aromatic plants intercropping plots, and no significant difference was found in the family number of arthropod community. However, there was a significant difference in the individual number of arthropod community with an increasing order followed by intercropping Tagetes patula L.（Tr2） and Mentha haplocalyx （Briq.var.piperascens Malinvaud） （Tr1）〈Ocirnum basilicum L. （Tr3）〈natural grass （Tr4）〈mono-cultivated pear （TrS,CK） （P〈 0.01）.The characteristics of different functional groups were different in five intercropping plots. Under the conditions of intercropping aromatic plants in pear orchard, the total family and individual number of these functional groups exhibited significant differences as well as the ratio of predators to pests （P〈0.05）.Tbe family number of arthropod community showed no significant difference in the same group, but the individuals number, Simpon index, diversity index and evenness were converse （P〈0.05）. The individual number, Simpon index, diversity index and evenness of arthropod community were different at the growth stage of pear in five intercropping plots. Intercropping aromatic plants in pear orchard could significantly reduce the individual number of arthropod community, and the best effect was observed in the pear fruit enlargement period. [Co
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期769-779,共11页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家科技支撑重大项目(2008BAD92B08)
北京市自然科学基金项目(6102004)
北京市科学技术重大项目(D0705044040291)
关键词
梨园
芳香植物
节肢动物
群落与类群结构
pear orchard
aromatic plants
arthropod
community and group structure
