摘要
德国最初受传统特别权力关系理论的支配,司法不允许介入学校学生管理纠纷。二战以后,依据乌勒的基础关系与管理关系二分理论,司法开始介入涉及学生身份改变的纠纷。由于该区分标准并不明显,而且其本身也隐含着维护特别权力关系的用意,所以,联邦宪法法院又透过诸多判决形成"重要性理论"。依据该理论,无论是基础关系抑或管理关系,只要是涉及学生基本权利的"重要事项",均可寻求司法救济。其中,关于考试争讼,司法则经历了从学校享有"判断余地"之消极审查到考生享有"作答余地"之积极审查的过程。德国相关理论与实践之变迁会对中国大陆司法审查此类纠纷带来一些有益的思考。
Traditionally, being dominated by ＂ Special Power Relation＂, Judicature is prohibited to intervene in the management disputes between students and schools in Germany. After World War II, on the basis of the distinction theory Basic Relation and Management Relation of Ule, Judicature began to intervene in the disputes which concern the change of students＇status. Because the distinction isn＇t obvious, moreover, the theory implies the intention of the Maintenance of ＂Special Power Relation＂, The Federal Constitutional Court form the theory of importance. According to the theory, as long as they are ＂important matters＂ which are involved in fundamental rights, students can seek judicial relief. Among them, regarding the litigation on the examination, judicature experienced from the negative review of ＂judgement leeway＂ by schools to the positive review of ＂answer leeway＂ by students. The changes of German related theory and practice give some useful thought to the perfection of Chinese mainland students judicial relief.
出处
《河北法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第2期164-168,共5页
Hebei Law Science
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目<高等学校的惩戒权研究>(08JC820048)研究成果之一
关键词
特别权力关系
基础关系
管理关系
重要性理论
判断余地
作答余地
special power relation
basic relation
management relation
the theory of importance
judgement leeway
answer leeway
