摘要
20世纪30年代经济大萧条背景下,美英法三国的货币政策特别是汇率政策取决于各国如何权衡国内经济恢复和国际汇率稳定。1931年英镑贬值、1933年美元贬值都是美英当局把货币贬值作为刺激总需求和出口的主要手段。金本位制的崩溃和英镑、美元的相继贬值使国际金融和贸易体系处于分割和对立的状态。美国对国内经济恢复的重视、英国对自治领的义务、法国对金本位的固执导致1933年三方货币合作会谈的失败。不过,随着英美两国经济的恢复,特别是希特勒德国加紧重新武装所造成的欧洲紧张局势促使美国决策层积极推动美英法三方货币合作。从货币集团分割和竞争性贬值的"货币战"发展到1936年9月后三国在汇率政策上的"有限合作",这种关系转变不仅是美国决策层"思想进展"的结果,而且是特定国际形势的产物。因此,1936年的美英法《三方货币稳定协议》具有深刻的政治含义。
The Great Depression of the 1930s had a profound influence over the monetary policy of France,Great Britain and the United States.The unilateral devaluations of the pound in 1931 and the dollar in 1933 were the main tools utilized by the governments of the U.K.and U.S.respectively to revive their domestic economies.This was the main contributing factor in competitive devaluations and the failure of monetary stabilization talks in 1933.However,with the recovery of the domestic economies of the U.S.and U.K.,and especially with the accelerating rearmament of Hitler's Germany,the United States began to boost the tripartite monetary cooperation.Thus,the simultaneous declarations of the 'Tripartite Stabilization Agreement' in September 1936 by the three major democratic nations were the result of developments in American monetary policy.Moreover,the limited monetary cooperation under these declarations had highly significant political implications.
出处
《世界历史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第6期27-37,共11页
World History
基金
上海市教育委员会教育创新项目
上海政法学院院级重点学科"国际政治"项目资助
