摘要
美洲新大陆发现以前,在这里早已存在两个古典文明的中心,一个是阿兹特克文明,一个是印加文明。由于这两个文明自身的特异性以及他们出现区位的特殊性,在今天世界史的编撰中都把他们列入古代文明的个案加以描述。众所周知,任何古典文明都必须有坚强的经济基础做支撑,这两个古典文明自然不能例外,但对比前人对阿兹特克文明生计的描述与解读却充满了抵牾和误解。立足于文化人类学对游耕和农业两大文化类型的实质性区别,借助前人的相关记载,力图证实"奇南帕"园艺耕作就是文化人类学家在亚洲、非洲和欧洲早已接触过的斯维顿(Sweden)耕作方式。这样的耕作方式属于游耕类型生计中的特有样式。凭借这样一种特殊的生计方式能够建立强大的帝国,这是阿兹特克文明特异性的实质所在,同时也应看到这一生计方式的致命弱点在于它无法与固定农耕相兼容,因而在与西班牙文化的碰撞中逐渐衰落,仅在个别地区以残存方式存在。
At the time of the American continent was discovered , where there are already two classical civilization existing, one is an Aztec civilization, the other is an Inca civilization. As the two civilizations as well as their own specific location of the emergence of particularity, in the history of the world today that they have included in the compilation of the ancient civilization as cases described. As we all know, any classical civilization must have a strong economic base to support so that the two classical civilizations can not be an exception, but compared to the previous description of the Aztec civilization and the livelihood of the interpretation was full of misunderstanding. In this paper, based on cultural anthropology tour of farming and agricultural culture of the two types of substantive differ- ence between the previous use of the relevant records, trying to confirm ＂ Chinmpas＂ horticultural farming is cultural anthropology in Asia, Africa and Europe have already come into contact with The floating field, so that the livelihood of the farming paradigm You belong to the type of livelihood in the unique style. With such a special way to the livelihood of the establishment of a powerful empire, the Aztec civilization is the essence of the specific. However, the livelihood of the way the Achilles heel is that it can not be fixed with the farming compatible, so it was declined in a collision with the Spanish culture, existing in individual districts is the only remaining way now .
出处
《原生态民族文化学刊》
2009年第3期103-111,共9页
Journal of Ethnic Culture
基金
国家社科重点项目"扩大和稳定我国中西部水资源储养能力的文化对策研究"(课题代码:08AJY025)
关键词
阿兹特克
奇南帕
游耕文明
Chinmpas, Aztec, Nomadic Farming civilization
