摘要
从桉树林及各种因素(年龄、叶面积、砍伐、造林、火烧等)对蒸发散、流域产水量以及土壤水分和地下水的影响等方面综述国内外桉树人工林水文过程及其效应的研究进展。综合来看,不同区域的桉树人工林对降水的截留量差异较大,桉树人工林的蒸腾量多介于0.5～6.0mm·d-1,叶面积指数、林分密度、土壤水分与灌溉、林分年龄及植被变化等均会影响桉树人工林的蒸发散量;砍伐(皆伐、间伐等)桉树人工林会导致流域产水量增加,营造桉树人工林会导致流域产水量减少,但当林分生长到一定年龄后,随着林分年龄的增加,蒸腾耗水量下降,流域径流量增加,火烧也会导致桉树林流域产水量增加;干旱地区桉树人工林可能会消耗浅层地下水,对深层地下水的影响还未有明显证据。目前中国桉树人工林的水文效应研究还存在诸多问题,急待加强主要研究方向与重点领域的研究。
This paper reviews research advances in any effect of Eucalyptus plantation and some factors（such as,forest ages,logging and afforestation,wildfire etc.）on the evapotranspiration,water yield,soil water and ground water,and indicates some problems and proposes expectations.Generally,the interception loss varied greatly in different Eucalyptus forests and the transpiration usually ranged from 0.5 mm to 6.0 mm per day.The evapotranspiration was affected by the leaf area index（LAI）,forest density,content of soil water and irrigation,forest ages and conversion of Eucalyptus and other vegetations.And the water yield of catchments increases after logging such as the clearfelling,thinning or selective cutting and decrease after afforestation.The transpiration reduced and water yield of catchments increased with the increase of forest ages when Eucalyptus forests were old enough.The wildfires can increase the water yield.Eucalyptus plantations may consume the shallow ground water in the dry area,however there was no evidence that Eucalyptus plantations took the deep ground water.There are many problems that need to be resolved about the research of the effects of Eucalyptus forest on the hydrology in China,and the researches in main directions and key fields need urgently to be strengthened.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第11期135-140,共6页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30700640)
科技部社会公益研究专项(2003DB3J116)
广东省自然科学基金项目(0113931)
关键词
桉树
人工林
水文
产水量
蒸散
冠层截留
Eucalyptus
plantation
hydrology
water yield
evapotranspiration
canopy interception
