摘要
目的研究红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)在雨前、雨中和雨后的行为习性以及雨季期间蚁巢消长情况,为防控红火蚁提供理论依据。方法采用野外实地观察的方法进行研究。结果红火蚁能够感知降雨的到来,在雨前采取加厚蚁丘表土层、加固蚁巢内部结构来防护蚁巢;雨中与雨后工蚁通过蚁巢出口孔向外搬运潮湿土粒、蒸发蚁巢内水分来修复蚁巢。大雨时红火蚁将未成年蚁集中搬运到地势较高的蚁丘表土层下,防止未成年蚁受到雨水的浸泡,而在短时暴雨时工蚁迅速聚集起来,用身体将蚁巢出口孔堵塞,阻止雨水灌入巢中。小雨和长时间大雨对工蚁觅食无明显的影响,而短时暴雨将严重抑制其觅食行为。此外,持续性强降雨可促进蚁群的迁巢、分巢,使蚁巢数量迅速增加。结论红火蚁具有应对降雨的适应行为,这些行为使红火蚁能够在高强度和长时间的降雨中保持种群的生存和繁衍。每年的红火蚁防治应安排在雨季到来之前,此时采取措施压低红火蚁蚁巢密度,能够降低全年红火蚁防控的压力。
Objective To study the behavior of fire ants（Solenopsis invicta Buren）colony before, middle and after the rain and the seasonal fluctuation of ant nest in rainy season, and to provide the theoretical evidence for the control of S. invicta. Methods The field observation was used in this study. Results S. invicta could perceive the coming of rain and reinforce the anthill by thickening the surface soil and strengthening inner structure ahead of rain. In rain and after rain, the worker ants restored anthill by canting moist soil out of anthill and making the water in the anthill vaporize. In a heavy rain, the adult ants would convey immature individuals to the under of anthill＇ s surface to avoid be dipped. In temporary rainstorm, worker ants would assemble together quickly and close the mound entrance with their bodies. Light rain and heavy rain had no obvious effect on the worker ants＇ searching food behavior, but temporary rainstorm could restrain it. Furthermore, long strong precipitation would accelerate the moving and cleavage of the mounds, which made the number of ants grow rapidly. Conclusion S. invicta has the behavior to respond to rain, and this behavior makes it keep population viability and breeding in the long and strong rain. So, the control optimum period of fire ants is before the rainy season.
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2009年第6期542-545,共4页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
基金
国家自然科学基金(305712427)
广东省惠州市科技计划项目(2005G30
2006I33)
关键词
红火蚁
降雨
气候因素
行为
影响
Solenopsis invicta Buren
Precipitation
Climatic factor
Behavior
Impact
