摘要
[目的]研究建立沿巢湖流域坡岗地地区水稻高效施肥技术。[方法]试验共设5个施肥处理:空白无肥处理(CK);农民习惯施肥处理;平衡施肥-1处理;平衡施肥-2处理;平衡施肥-1+油菜秸秆(3 000 kg/hm2)处理。其中,CK为不施肥;农民习惯施肥处理的氮磷钾施肥量为N∶P2O5∶K2O=180 kg/hm2∶75 kg/hm2∶0,全部肥料作基肥,不追肥;平衡施肥-1处理氮磷钾肥用量为N∶P2O5∶K2O=180kg/hm2∶60 kg/hm2∶90 kg/hm2,氮肥按基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为50%∶30%∶20%分3次施用;平衡施肥-2处理氮磷钾施肥量同平衡施肥-1,但氮肥按基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为40%∶30%∶30%分3次施用;油菜秸秆(有机肥)作基肥,所有施肥处理磷、钾肥全部作基肥施用。[结果]总体上,不同施肥处理均可以提高水稻生物积累量,增加有效穗数和每穗实粒数,从而提高水稻产量。[结论]氮、磷、钾肥配比不合理,氮肥运筹方法不当,仍是目前沿巢湖流域坡岗地地区水稻产量和氮肥利用效率较低的主要原因,在氮肥的施用上,增加分蘖肥和穗肥的比例,同时增加钾肥的施用量,能够使水稻营养生长和生殖生长均衡发展,增加每穗实粒数、千粒重,从而提高水稻产量和氮素回收率,减轻氮肥流失引起的面源污染。
[ Objective ] The research aimed to study and establish the high efficiency fertilization techniques of rice slope land area near Chaohu Lake Basin. [Method] 5 treatments were designed, including control（CK）, farmer conventional fertilization, balanced fertilization-1, balanced fertilization-2 and balanced fertilization-1 ＋ cole stalk 3 000 kg/hm^2. Thereinto, CK was no fertilization. The N： P2O5： K2O of farmer conventional fertilization treatment was 180 kg/hm^2：75 kg/hm^2：0, and the total fertilizer was made as basal fertilizer. The N： P2O5： Kz O of balanced fertilization-1 treatment was 180 kg/hm2：60 kg/hm2：90 kg/hm^2, and N fertilizer ratio of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 50% ： 30% ： 20%. The N： P2O5：K2 O of balanced fertilization-2 treatment was the same as balanced fertilization-1, but N fertilizer ratio of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 40% ： 30% ： 30%. The cole stalk, P2O5 fertilizer and K2O fertilizer were all made as basal fertilizer. [ Result] The resuhs showed that different fertilizer treatments could all increase the biology accumulation capacity, the availability spike number and the grain number per spike of rice, then improve rice yield in general. [ Conclusion] The unreasona- ble application of N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizer and the inappropriate application of N fertilizer are also the key reasons that the rice yield and the N fertilizer utilization efficiency were low in slope land area near Chaohu Lake Basin. Increasing the N fertilizer ratio of tillering stage and panicle stage and the application quantity of K2O fertilizer can make the appropriate development of nutrition growth and procreation growth, increase the grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight, then increase rice yield and N fertilizer utilization efficiency, and lighten non-point pollution caused by N fertilizer loss.
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
北大核心
2009年第35期17416-17418,共3页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B06)
关键词
巢湖流域
坡岗地地区
水稻
高效施肥技术
Chaohu Lake Basin
Slope land area
Rice
High efficiency fertilization techniques
