摘要
发端于19世纪和20世纪之交的资源保护运动对美国环境保护政策的制定和环境保护运动的发展都有重要影响,其倡导人吉福特.平肖在美国环境史上开创了一个平肖时代。但是究其思想根源与政治基础,却可追溯至在前平肖时代的20年间兴起的森林资源保护思想。这一思想将森林视为文明延续的基本要素之一,强调森林在美国社会发展中经济的、生态的、精神的及美学的价值,呼吁政府及公众对森林与文明的关系进行重新定义。与平肖时代专注于森林的经济价值相比,前平肖时代追求实现森林的多重价值。但是,前平肖时代对专业化、技术化的盲目崇拜,也成为日后美国环境政策缺失整体思维的原因之一。
The conservation movement rising at the turn of the 20th century has had significant influence on American environmental policy making and the development of environmental movement.Its leader,Gifford Pinchot,undertook an era of Pinchot in American environmental history.Its intellectual source and political foundation,however,were found in the thought of forest conservation expressed during the Pre-Pinchot era——the last two decades of the 19th century.This thought believed that forest was one of the major elements sustaining the growth of civilization. It emphasized the economic, ecological ,spiritual, and aesthetic values of forest in American society, advocating that government and public should redefine the relationship between nature and culture. Compared to the Pinehot era focusing on the economic val- ue, the conservation thought during the Pre-Pinchot era sought to fulfill the multi-values of forest. But the over-admiration of expertise and technology of this thought also led to the lack of comprehensive vision in American environmental policy.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第12期98-104,共7页
Journal of Historical Science
