摘要
基于陕西省1961—2005年97个县市的逐月降水资料,从年际和年内2个方面分别对陕北、关中、陕南及全省的降水时空分布规律做了统计分析,并利用非参数Mann-Kendall方法对降水的变化趋势做了检验分析.结果表明:陕南地区降水量丰富,而陕北地区较少,全省降水呈现南多北少,并且主要集中在5—10月份(夏秋季节)的特点,特别是陕北地区夏季降水量占全年降水量的56.3%.从资料研究可以看出,全省只有5个县的年降水量有增加的趋势,其中4个在陕南地区,其他92个县市都出现了不同程度的下降,其中陕北南部、关中和陕南西部的地区降水量每年平均减少3mm以上,降幅最大.从季节降水来看,春秋季3大地区的降水都有减少的趋势,夏季除陕北地区有小幅度的下降外都出现了增加的趋势,冬季都有小幅度的增加.从雨水资源化利用的角度来看,陕北地区可以充分利用土壤蓄集雨水,建立大型地下蓄水库以供城市用水;关中地区可以在黄土台塬区蓄存、下渗雨水,这将会对于台塬以下城市地下水水位恢复产生积极有效的作用;陕南通过水源涵养地建设和蓄水水库修建,收集利用雨水资源,减少污染,保护水源.
Precipitation is a major component of the water cycle, being responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the planet. Growing interests in society for solving water crisis have led to different attempts to use rainfall. Rainfall utilization provides a sustainable water supply in urban areas and buffers extreme runoff situations in watercourses. Analysis of temporal and spatial variations in precipitation is of great importance in the planning and management of rainfall utilization. Based on database for monthly precipitation collected from 97 meteorological stations from 1961-2005, the temporal and spatial distributions of precipitation in Shaanxi province are analyzed. Long-term trends in precipitation are determined using Mann-Kendall tests, it was found that mean annual precipitation in southern Shaanxi （Shannan）is higher than in northern Shaanxi （Shanbei）. Most of the precipitation is concentrated in the rainy seasons of summer and autumn, accounting for 56.3% of total annual precipitation. For mean annual precipitation, 5 counties and cities have an increase-trend while other 92 counties and cities have a decrease-trend, with a mean gradient of 3 mm·a^-1. For mean seasonal precipitation, the precipitation in the seasons of spring and autumn is in a decrease-trend and that in the winter is in a small increase-trend for the whole province area. However, precipitation in summer is a slight decrease for north Shaanxi and that an increase in Guanzhong and south Shaanxi. Considering rainfall utilization, soil infiltration as well as underground storage reservoir can be developed to collect rainfall for north Shaanxi. Storaging and infiltrating rainfall in loess hill of Guanzhong plain can increase urban groundwater table. Moreover, it is necessary to build rainfall conservation reservoirs and to plant forest trees for conserving water supply in south Shaanxi, being beneficial to water sources protection and to sustainable usage of water resources in Guanzhong through water transfer project from s
出处
《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第5期575-581,共7页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(50609021)
