摘要
随着全球环境问题的加剧,环境移民问题正日益受到世界各国政府和国际社会的高度重视。由于环境移民问题的复杂性,学术界和政界对环境移民问题一直存在着争议。一些人认为环境移民起因复杂,环境因素只是众多原因之一,因此否认环境移民的存在,另一些人认为环境因素可以成为环境移民的诱导和主要原因,因而环境移民在世界各地大量存在。本文对具有争议的有关环境移民的称谓和定义以及分类等问题进行了评述,认为:为便于对环境移民问题的深入研究和有利于相关问题的解决,应尽可能避免使用"环境难民"一词,而统一采用"环境诱发移民"或"环境移民"等术语;考虑到环境移民的诱因、规模和特点,综合已有各种分类方案,可将环境移民分为环境灾害移民、环境退化移民和环境征用移民三大类。中国学者提出的"环境移民"和"生态移民"与西方学者所讨论"环境移民"和"生态移民"在内涵上并非完全一致,应当引起我国学术界的注意。
With aggravation of global environmental problems,environmental migration has been a critical issue for many state governments and the whole world.Due to its complexity,there has been a long debate on this issue among academia, government officials or world organizations.Some people denied environmental migration since it is triggered by a number of factors.Some other people argued that environmental factor may be the trigger and a major factor for migration,and hence it is observed around the world.The author argues that theword ＂environmental induced migration＂ or ＂environmental migration＂ could be used instead of the ＂environmental refugee＂ in discussing relevant issues. Considering its genesis, size and characteristics, environmental migration could be classified as disaster-induced migration, environmental degradation migration and environmental expropriation migration. Despite of their use in China, environmental migration and ecological migration have more or less different connotations in China as in the western academia.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第5期70-75,共6页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
四川大学中国城镇新农村建设研究项目(编号:2007-03)资助
关键词
环境移民
环境难民
生态移民
定义
分类
environmental migration
environmental refugee
definition and classification
