摘要
兖济滕矿区煤矸石长期露天堆放,既造成大量土地资源浪费,又造成矿区水体、土壤、大气等环境污染,是不容忽视的环境污染源地。从矿区煤矸石的化学成份和矿物成份分析可以看出,煤矸石的化学成份以SiO2为主,其次为Al2O3;矿物成份以高岒石为主,其次为石英。选用大量测试数据对煤矸石中有害微量元素对水环境、土壤环境的污染效应进行了研究,认为:煤矸石在酸性条件下淋溶析出的重金属的含量均超过了生活饮用水标准;碱性条件下,除Cu、Zn、As外,其余的也超过了地面水环境质量Ⅴ类水的标准;煤矸石回填区的As、Cu、Pb、Zn四种重金属对矿区水环境影响不明显;填矸石的汇水区以及矸石山附近的水井水化学类型已由重碳酸型转变为硫酸型,部分区域已经受到了SO42-、总硬度、固形物的污染;矿区煤矸石堆放对附近土壤的影响并不显著,但某些有毒有害的重金属元素远远大于背景值,植物在土壤中对其吸收与积累可能形成潜在危害性。最后指出了降低煤矸石污染、提高煤矸石的综合利用才是解决矿区固体废弃物生态环境效应的主要途径。
Gangues in the Yanzhou-Jining-Tengzhou mining area are piled up in the open air chronically. It makes waste of a mass of land resources and environmental pollution of water bodies, soil and atmosphere in the mining area, is an indispensable environmental pollution source. From chemical and mineral compositions of gangues we can see, chemical composition is mainly SiO2, and Al2O3 the second, mineral composition is mainly kaolinite, quartz the second. The paper studied pollution effect on water and soil environments of harmful trace elements in gangues through large amount tested data, considered that heavy metal content eluviated from gangues under the acidic conditions are all go beyond domestic potable water standard, under the basic condition, except Cu, Zn and As, others are all go beyond surface water environmental quality category V water standard. Gangue dumping catchment area and water wells nearby the gangue dump, hydrochemieal type is already changed from bicarbonate type into sulfuric type; part area is already polluted by SO4^2-, total hardness and solid matter. Impact of gangue dumping to nearby soils in the mining area is not serious, but some poison and harmful heavy metal element contents already go beyond background values, plant absorption and accumulation may cause potential hazards. Finally pointed out only to reduce gangue pollution, promote comprehensive utilization of gangue are main paths to solve mining area solid waste ecological environment effects.
出处
《中国煤炭地质》
2009年第9期48-51,54,共5页
Coal Geology of China
关键词
煤矸石
成份分析
污染效应
兖济滕矿区
gangue
composition analysis
pollution effect
Yanzhou-Jining-Tengzhou mining area
