摘要
降雨及其产生的径流是引起黄土高原土壤侵蚀的主要动力,开展黄土区降雨产流产沙过程研究可为土壤侵蚀过程模型研发奠定基础,为水土保持与生态建设提供重要科学依据。利用野外模拟降雨试验,研究了不同立地条件下,侵蚀产沙、径流、入渗规律及相关关系。研究结果表明:荒地的径流量为林草地的11倍,坡耕地和草地的1.5倍,产沙量为林草地的260倍,草地的9倍,坡耕地的2倍;林草地的入渗率为荒地的4倍,草地的3倍,坡耕地的2倍;累计产沙量随累计径流量的增加呈幂函数增加,侵蚀产沙量随含沙量的增加呈线性增加,都具有很好的相关性;坡面径流产沙过程分为发育期、活跃期和稳定期3个阶段;草地对水沙的调控作用机制具有直接拦沙的水土保持功效,而林草地则具有蓄水减沙的水土保持功效。该研究对于深入理解流域产流过程具有重要意义,可为相关的模型研究提供可靠的试验支持。
Rainfall and runoff are the main dynamic factors which cause soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. Research on processes of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield can serve as development of process-based mode of soil erosion, soil and water conservation, and ecology construction on loess region. The rule of erosion sediment and runoff infiltration and dependency relation were studied under different site conditions using field simulated rainfall trails. The results show that the runoff on barren land were 11 and 1.5 times greater than that on forest grass land and slope farmland and grass land, the sediment production on barren land were 260 and 9 and 2 times greater than that on forest grass land and grass land and slope farmland, the seeping rate of forest grass land were 4 and 3 and 2 times greater than that on grass land and barren land and slope farmland; Cumulative runoff power function increase with cumulative sediment increase, sediment production linearity increase with sediment concentration increase, they have perfectly correlativity; The process of runoff and sediment is divided into 3 stages that develop period and active phase and stable stage;The regulation mechanism of grass land on water and sediment have the water and soil conversation function that direct sediment retaining, and forest grass land have the water and soil conversation function that water storage and sediment. The results are significantly meaningful for understanding the runoff process. The results also can provide reliable experimental support for related model research.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第4期10-14,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB407206)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B02)
国家自然科学基金项目(40771124)
陕西省教育厅科研项目(06JK215)
关键词
模拟降雨
立地条件
水土保持功效
直接拦沙
蓄水减沙
simulated rainfall
site conditions
water and soil conversation function
direct sediment retaining
water storage and sediment
