摘要
并称是古代文学中的常见现象,是作家的一种称谓方法。这种称谓法则在语言、文学、文化多重因素的相互作用下逐步确立、发展。从语言角度看,并称大致可分为姓氏相连、数目词与端语相连两种,其起源关系到语言的缩略与简省、二名只用一字、姓氏确立、以数为纪的表达法等诸多方面。从文化风俗角度看,并称的形成与两汉社会中称号的传统、谚语的流行、评议的风气、比伦的思想、求名的愿望等关联甚密。从文学角度看,并称经历了由群辅到俊彦再到文人的扩展,最终在魏晋南北朝时确立,是使用范围不断改变与扩大的结果,也是文学本身发展繁荣的体现。并称进入文学领域之后,在作家文学地位确立、成就衡量、时代文风评价、文学流派形成、批评方法借鉴等方面具有重要意义。从文化心理角度看,类比思维,对称、骈偶及数字因缘,慕古意识等使并称在历代生生不息。
Bingcheng was a common phenomenon in ancient Chinese literature as a way of referring to writers.This form of nomenclature underwent a gradual process of development arising from the interaction of language,literature and cultural factors.From the linguistic point of view,bingcheng can be broadly divided into names related to family names and those related to number expressions or duanyu(words used at the beginning of paragraphs),arising from linguistic abbreviations,the use of one character for two names,establishing family names and so on.From the point of view of culture and customs,the growth of bingcheng was closely connected to tradition,proverbial sayings,the atmosphere of criticism,currents of thought and the quest for fame in Han dynasty society.From the point of view of literature,bingcheng underwent a process of expansion from a limited to a wider group and finally to scholars in general.It was finally established during the Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties.This was the result of the expansion of its scope and also an expression of the flourishing development of literature itself.After it entered the sphere of literature,it was important for the establishment of writers' literary position,the evaluation of their achievements,the assessment of the literary temper of the times,the formation of literary schools and references for critical methods.From the point of view of cultural psychology,the longevity of bingcheng was ensured by Chinese habits of analogy,parallelism and numerical correspondence and archaism.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第5期154-167,共14页
Social Sciences in China
