摘要
大熊猫栖息地正面临破碎化和人类活动干扰的威胁,如何减少这些威胁成为保护大熊猫这一生态旗舰物种的关键。通过实施生态补偿项目,充分考虑当地弱势群体生存和发展的权利,帮助其进行生计替代和能源替代,以减小生态系统所承受的压力。以120个项目农户作为研究对象,利用生态足迹方法,探讨了生态补偿项目对生活在关键生态区域内农村人口的影响。结果表明,在各种生态生产性土地中,农户对林地和草地生态占用最大,能源替代可以大幅降低农户的薪柴消耗水平,从而降低农户对林地的生态占用。通过调整农户的牲畜养殖模式,减小了放牧对草地资源的压力和对草地的生态占用。农户人均生态足迹由2005年的2.7346hm2减小至2007年的1.6325hm2,对周边环境的压力降低,有利于保护和恢复珍稀野生动植物栖息地。
Giant panda （Ailuropoda melanoleuca） habitat is under threat of fragmentation and disturbance from human being. How to reduce the threat is a cornerstone in the conservation of this flagship species. In order to get this objective, an ecological compensation project, with the sufficient consideration on recipients＇ rights in survival and development, helped the farmers develop alternative livelihood and energy substitution to reduce their pressure on surrounding environment. Based on the ecological footprint （EF） concept, this study investigates 120 households to explore the influence of the ecological compensation on the household ecological footprints. The result indicated that the farmers occupied largest land area in ＂Forest＂ and ＂Pasture＂. Energy substitutions reduced fuel wood consumption dramatically and farmers＇ occupancy on forest land. Farmers＇ occupancy on grass land decreased with the adjustment of livestock breeding method. The recipients＇ EF per capita declined from 2. 7346hm^2 （ 2005 ） to 1. 6325 hm^2 （ 2007 ）, which demonstrated that ecological compensation can reduced local poor people＇s EF and pressure on neighborhood environment, and this will benefit wildlife conservation.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第7期3569-3575,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家林业公益性行业科研专项资助项目(200804001)
国家林业局保护司资助项目(AT0410)
国家"十一五"科技支撑资助项目(2008BADB0B04)
关键词
大熊猫栖息地
生态补偿
生态足迹
生计替代
能源替代
Giant panda habitat
ecological compensation
ecological footprint
alternative livelihood
energy subsitution
