摘要
草鱼是中国的土著鱼类,自20世纪60年代以来已被移居到100多个国家和地区,主要用来控制水草或水产养殖。本研究通过线粒体D-Loop区(764bp)和COII+tRNA基因(719bp)序列分析,了解草鱼的中国土著群体(长江、珠江、黑龙江)和国外移居群体(匈牙利多瑙河、美国密西西比河、日本利根川河)之间以及各地方群体间的遗传差异。结果表明,中国土著草鱼群体的遗传变异高于国外移居群体;分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,不同草鱼群体的遗传变异主要来自群体内,而不同地域间的差异极少;群体两两间Fst值比较表明,大多数群体之间遗传差异极显著;由TCS构建的单倍型网络结构图显示,长江草鱼群体是最原始的群体,其他水系草鱼均由长江群体演化而来;通过基因流分析发现,匈牙利多瑙河群体和日本利根川河群体来自长江和黑龙江群体,美国密西西比河群体除引自长江、黑龙江水系外,还有部分引自于珠江水系。
Grass carp （ Ctenopharyngodon idellus） is one of the most important freshwater species in aquaculture. Meanwhile, the grass carp is originally distributes in China, and then it has been introduced into more than 100 countries for aquatic weed control and aquaculture since 1960s. In the past five decades, the grass carps have been adapted to the local environment and developed local groups. However, the genetic variation among the grass carps in native and introduced regions, as well the genetic phylogeny, is not clear. Meanwhile, there is no available literature to clarify which river systems in China are the most likely origins of colonized populations in introduced regions. In this study, partial sequences of the mitochondrial D-Loop （764bp）, COII＋ tRNA （719bp） were analyzed from native （the Yangtze, Amur and Pearl Rivers in China） and introduced （the Danube River in Hungary, the Mississippi River in USA and the Tonegawa River in Japan） populations of the grass carp. The data of the two mtDNA fragments showed no competitive with the ILD （Incongruence Length Difference） test （p = 0.42） , and they could combine together as one data. The results indicated that there were the total of 32 haplotypes in all specimens, and 5 haplotypes were shared, all other haplotypes were singletons. In the 5 shared haplotypes, one was found in all populations, one in Amur River and Pearl River, two in China and Hungary, and the last one was found only in China. The genetic variation in the native populations was higher than that in the colonized populations. In the native populations, the genetic diversity ordered as the Pearl Rivers （w = 0. 0042） 〉 Yangtze River （π =0. 0028） 〉 Amur River （π = 0. 0013）. In the introduced populations, the genetic diversity ordered as the Danube River （π = 0. 0019） 〉 Mississippi River （π = 0. 0010） 〉 Tonegawa River （π = 0. 0001 ）. The analysis of AMOVA using Arlequin 3.01 indicated that the variation mostly existed within populations
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第4期709-716,共8页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目:鲢鳙草鱼团头鲂遗传资源变迁(No.30630051)资助
关键词
草鱼
土著群体
移居群体
线粒体序列
遗传差异
Ctenopharyngodon idellus
Native populations
Introduced populations
mtDNA
Genetic variation
