摘要
2007年夏季(6—8月)及冬季(11—2008年1月),在卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区研究了鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa sairensis)的卧息生境选择。夏季测定了49个卧迹样方,36个对照样方;冬季测定了75个卧迹样方,75个对照样方。卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区的鹅喉羚夏季主要选择平滩、下坡位,海拔910m以上、与水源距离较远、远离道路、远离居民点、高隐蔽级、中低植被密度和中高草本密度的区域作为卧息地;而冬季鹅喉羚主要选择山坡、阳坡和半阴半阳坡、中上坡位和下坡位、900—1000m的高度范围、离道路501—1000m以及大于2000m的距离、靠近居民点、中低隐蔽级、中等雪深(1.1—3cm)、中高植被密度和中高草本密度的区域作为卧息地。主成分分析表明,鹅喉羚夏季卧息样方前4个主成分的累积贡献率达到86.57%,第1主成分主要反映卧迹样方的植物密度、草本密度、针茅(Stipaspp.)密度、至最近居民点距离、至永久水源最近距离和海拔的影响。冬季鹅喉羚卧息样方前4个主成分的累积贡献率达到73.88%,第1主成分主要反映卧迹样方的植物密度、草本密度、针茅密度和坡度的影响。
We studied summer and winter bed-site selection by goitred gazelle （G. s. sairensis） using transect method from June to August in 2007, and November, 2007 to January, 2008 in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. In summer, we measured 49 bed-site quadrants used by goitred gazelle and 36 control quadrants during 26 transect surveys. While in winter, we measured 75 bed-site quadrants used by goitred gazelle and 75 control quadrants during 30 transect surveys. Through comparing the characteristics of bed site quadrants and control quadrants, we found summer bed sites of goitred gazelles were characterized by plains, lower or no slope position, over 900m of altitude, far from permanent water source, main road and human community, of higher plant density, higher herb density and higher canopy cover. In winter, goitred gazelles preferred to bed on hill, or on half-sunny slope and sunny slope, steep slope position, of 901-1000m of altitude, with distance of 501 to 1000 m or over 2000m to main road and, near human residence, lower and middle canopy cover, snow depth of 1.1-3cm, higher plant density and herbage density. Principal Component Analysis （PCA） showed that 4 principal components explained 86.57% of the total variance in the bed site selection by goitred gazelle in summer. First principal component in summer was positively related to plant density, herbage density, density of Stipa spp., distance to nearest human residence, distance to permanent water source and altitude. PCA also showed that 4 principal components explained 73.88% of total variance the bed site selection by goitred gazelle in winter. First principal component in winter was positively related to plant density, herbage density, density of Stipa spp. and altitude.
基金
新疆自治区科技攻关和重点科技项目(200433116)
科技部科技支撑项目(2008BAC39B04)
关键词
鹅喉羚
卧息地选择
卡拉麦里山
Goitred gazelle
Bed-sites selection
Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve
