摘要
厄尔尼诺事件按发生时间可分为：春季型和秋季型，按发生源地又可分为东部型和西部型。它们都有在春季阿留申低槽发展向西摆动，到夏季控制我国东北地区的特征。这种形势下，对黑龙江省灾害天气的影响主要看副高的变化。春季型副高弱，北界偏南脊点偏东则有低温发生；副高强，北界偏北脊点西伸则有高温洪涝灾害。秋季型由于乌拉尔低槽和阿留申低槽于夏季在东北汇合加强，易造成低温多雨。东部型的天气过程与秋季型基本相似，也易发生低温。西部型天气过程与其它型差异较大，在夏季东亚区维持一脊一槽型，如副高强脊点偏西有洪涝；如副高北界偏南则低温多雨，副高偏北则高温洪涝。由此，利用厄尔尼诺的类型及大气环流变化就可提前预报低温洪涝灾害。
ccording to the occurrence time,El Nino events can be divided into two types,spring type and autumn type.Meanwhile,they can also be divided into another two types,east type and west type,according to the origin of occurrence.They are all characterized by that Aleutian trough develops shifting west and controlling the northeast China in summer.Under this circumstance,the change in subtropical high is the main factor to influence severe weather.As for the spring type,if subtropical high is weak with its north border shifting south and ridge shifting east,low temperature will occur;if the subtropical high is strong with its north border shifting north and ridge extends west,it will lead to high temperature and floodwaterlogging damages.Concerning the autumn type,because Ural trough meets Aleutian trough over northeast China in summer there is a high possibility for low temperature and pluvial damages.East type is similar to autumn type and it easily brings about low temperature damage.The weather process of west type is quite different from that of other types.In summer,it remains a pattern with a ridge and a trough.If subtropical high is strong with its ridge shifting west,it will result in waterlogging damage;if the north border of subtropical high shifts south it will result in low temperature and pluvial damages;if subtropical high shifts north it will result in high temperture and floodwaterlogging damages.So low temperature and floodwaterlogging damages can be forecasted based on the type of El Nino and the change in atmospheric general circulation.
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
1998年第2期61-66,共6页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
1996~1997年黑龙江省自然科学基金
关键词
厄尔尼诺
低温
洪涝
黑龙江
大气环流
El Nino Low temperature Waterlogging Heilongjiang Province
