摘要
通过设置在北京昌平区的长期肥料定位试验,研究16年的长期不同施肥制度下,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的状况。试验设置冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作和小麦-玉米→小麦-大豆复种轮作2种不同种植制度以及长期撂荒处理(CK0),其中冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作种植制度(种植方式Ⅰ)包括4个施肥处理,分别为:对照(CK,不施肥,但种植作物)、氮磷钾(NPK)、氮磷钾+猪厩肥(NPK+M)、氮磷钾+玉米秸秆(NPK+S);小麦-玉米→小麦-大豆复种轮作种植制度(种植方式Ⅱ)包括1个施肥处理为氮磷钾+种植方式Ⅱ(NPKF)。试验结果表明:1)长期撂荒土壤的有机质和全氮的含量、微生物量碳(SMB-C)和氮(SMB-N)均显著高于2种不同种植制度的农田土壤,但土壤微生物生物量磷含量较低;2)2种不同的种植制度中,施肥处理(NPK、NPKM、NPKS和NPKF)农田的土壤养分含量、微生物量生物量碳、氮、磷均高于不施肥但种植的农田(CK),与CK相比,NPK、NPK+M、NPK+S和NPKF处理的微生物量生物量碳增加了26%、70%、36%和46%,微生物量生物量氮增加了92%、251%、130%和159%,以及微生物量生物量磷增加了519%1、495%、898%和712%;3)小麦-玉米→小麦-大豆复种轮作并且施氮磷钾肥(NPKF)农田的土壤微生物量生物量碳、氮和磷高于长期小麦-夏玉米复种连作并且施氮磷钾肥(NPK)的农田;4)在施肥处理中(NPK、NPK+M、NPK+S和NPKF),长期氮磷钾化肥与有机肥配合施用的处理(NPK+M)的土壤上述指标高于其他施肥处理(NPK、NPK+S和NPKF);5)土壤微生物与土壤养分之间具有很好的相关性,其中土壤微生物生物量碳、氮与土壤有机质、全氮呈极显著的正相关,土壤微生物生物量磷与土壤全磷和速效磷呈显著正相关。
A study of soil microbial biomass carbon （SMB-C）, microbial biomass nitrogen （SMB-N）, and microbial biomass phosphorus （SMB-P） in arable soils with different fertilizer regimes was carried out based on a 15-year long term fertilizer experiment in a Fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing. Thirteen treatments were established in 1990. Six treatments were chosen for this work： Four were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving either no fertilizer （CK）, mineral fertilizers （NPK）, mineral fertilizers plus farmyard manure （NPKM） or mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated （NPKS）. One treatment was in a wheat-maize/wheat-soybean rotation receiving NPK （NPKF）. The other was an abandoned arable land （CKO） colonized by weeds. The amount （kg/hm^2） of chemical fertilizer per year was 150 N, 75 P2O5, 45 K2O, and （t/hm^2） 22.5 manure and 2.25 maize straw. The main results were as follows： The soil organic C（SOC）and total N（STN）as well as microbial biomass C and N were higher in long-term （15 years） abandoned arable soils than in cultivated arable soils. However, the microbial biomass P in the fallow soil was lower than that in treatments with fertilizer application. The soil nutrient concentration and microbial biomass C, N and P were higher in treatments with fertilizer application （NPK,NPKM,NPKS and NPKF） than the no fertilizer treatment （CK）. The above soil parameters were also higher in wheat-maize/wheat-soybean rotation than continuous wheat-maize cropping system. Among the fertilizer application treatments, NPKM had relatively higher soil nutrients and microbial biomass C, N and P than other fertilizer treatments （NPK, NPKS and NPKF）. The correlation between soil microbial biomass and soil fertility was significant. There was a positive correlation between the soil microbial biomass C ＆ N and the contents of organic matter and total N. A positive correlation was also found between the soil microbial biomass P and Total P and Olsen P.
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第3期63-68,共6页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD29B01
2006BAD29B02)
中国博士后科学基金(20080440461)
关键词
长期肥料试验
施肥制度
土壤微生物生物量碳
土壤微生物生物量氮
土壤微生物生物量磷
long-term fertilization experiment
fertilization systems
soil microbial biomass carbon
soil microbial biomass nitrogen
soil microbial biomass phosphorus
