摘要
为确定高产麦田的适宜灌水时期和数量，在池栽试验每件下，选用中筋小麦品种泰山23，研究了灌水时期和灌水量对小麦耗水特性及产量的影响。结果表明：（1）灌底墒水60mm和拔节中期水30mm的W1处理籽粒产量和水分利用效率较高，分别为7727．10kg·ha^-1和18．69kg·ha^-1·mm^-1，灌溉水利用效率最高。灌底墒水、拔节后期水和灌浆期水各60mm的W5处理的籽粒产量最高，为8494．50kg·ha^-1；水分利用效率与W1处理无显著差异。（2）W1处理和W5处理的总耗水量分别为413．46和464．91mm；灌溉量、降水量、土壤贮水耗水量分别占总耗水量的比例为21．77％、41．43％、36．80％和38．72％、36．85％、24．44％，W1处理提高了对降水和土壤贮水的利用比例，而W5处理提高了对灌溉水的利用比例。（3）W1处理全生育期0～200cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量最高，为152．16mm，并且深层100～180cm各土层的土壤贮水消耗量均显著高于其他处理，而W5处理全生育期0～200cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量最低，为113.61mm。
To determine the effects of irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics and grain yield, we experimented with the medium-gluten wheat cultivar Taishan 23 under the condition of pool culture. The results showed that the treatment Wl, which irrigated 60mm water before sowing and irrigated 30mm water at middle jointing stage, obtain higher grain yield of 7 727.10 kg · ha^-1 and higher WUE of 18.69 kg · ha^-1 · mm^-1 , while it had the highest IWUE. The treatment WS, which irrigated 60mm water before sowing, at late jointing stage and filling stage respectively, had the highest grain yield of 8 494.50 kg · ha^-1 , and treatment W5 had no significant difference with other irrigated treatments on WUE. The water consumption amount, the ratio of irrigation amount to water consumption amount, the ratio of precipitation to water consumption amount and the ratio of soil water consumption amount to water consumption amount were 464.91 mm, 38.72%, 36.85% and 24.44%, respectively in treatment W5 and were 413.46 mm, 21.77%, 41.43% and 36.80%, respectively in treatment W1. So, the treatment W1 increased the ratio of precipitation to water consumption amount and the ratio of soil water consumption amount to water consumption amount, and the treatment W5 increased the ratio of irrigation amount to water consumption amount. The soil water consumption amount in 0-200 cm soil layer had the highest of 152.16 mm in treatment W1 and the lowest of 113.61 mm in reatment WS, and the soil water consumption amount in deep soil layer of 100 -180 cm in treatment W1 was significantly higher than other irrigated treatments. Under the condition of this experiment, the treatment Wl which obtained higher grain yield gave consideration to the IWUE and WUE with deficient water resources, and the treatment W5 gave consideration to the grain yield and WUE with adequate water resources. The results can offer a useful reference for formulating water-saving cultivation techniques in the areas with different water resources.
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第3期442-446,共5页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(nycytx-03)
国家自然科学基金项目(30871478)
关键词
小麦
灌水时期
灌水量
耗水特性
产量
Wheat
Irrigation stage
Irrigation amount
Water consumption characteristics
Grain yield
