摘要
本文利用欧洲中心ＥＣＭＷＦ１９８０～１９８９年１０年逐日资料及同期中国六大流域片的月径流量资料，用水平衡方法尝试了对东亚季风区进行蒸发估算、土壤和地下水含量估算及总的水量平衡分析。结果表明：全国陆地降水在７月份最大，平均约为９５ｍｍ，蒸发的最大值（８０ｍｍ）比其滞后１个月出现。北方流域和南方流域的水平衡特征明显不同。南方流域降水始终大于蒸发，蒸发峰值比降水峰值滞后１个月，土壤、地下水含量盛夏或初秋开始减小；北方流域蒸发有时超过降水，两者的峰值同月出现，土壤、地下水含量初夏就开始减小。东北流域片的水平衡特点介于上述南、北方流域特点之间。计算误差中由水汽通量散度项的日变化引起的误差可能占总误差的５０％。
In this paper,a water balance method is used to estimate evapotranspiration,soil and subsurface water storage change, by using ECMWF daily data and China runoff monthly data from 1980～1989. Results show that precipitation over China main land area reaches its maximum in July,while evaporation maximum lags one month. South and North river basins in China have different characteristics in water balance regime. In South river basin areas,precipitation is always larger than evaporation, soil and subsurface water storage begins to decrease in later summer or early autumn. In North river basin areas,evaporation is sometimes larger than precipitation, and its peak value arises in the same month with that of precipitation,and soil and subsurface water storage falls just after early summer.In Northeast river basin areas, the water balance features are somewhat between those in above North and South areas. The diurnal change of the horizontal water vapor flux divergence may produce about half of the total error in calculating evaporation and relative land water storage.
出处
《气候与环境研究》
CSCD
1996年第1期63-80,共18页
Climatic and Environmental Research
关键词
径流
水平衡
土壤和地下水含量
runoff,water balance,soil and subsurface water storage
