摘要
中国历史悠久,疆域辽阔,民族众多,不存在不受时间或空间限制的所谓"国民性"。但把"国民性"理解为一种地域文化,即一定的地域范围内的人群的人文特点,应该说是可以的,因为这个意义上的"国民性"确是客观存在。对这些特点应该进行社会学的分析,而不能仅仅根据某些言谈或书面记录就轻易地下结论。一个国家、一个民族的人文特点的基础是特定的地理环境以及在特定的地理环境中形成的生产方式和生活方式。对华夏诸族(汉族)而言,这集中反映在他们普遍持有的天下观、伦理观、义利观和宗教观上。如果要考察和讨论华夏诸族的所谓国民性而又不致过于空泛,不妨从这些观念入手作些具体分析。中国大体未变的地理环境和悠久的农业社会使得这些观念能够长期延续,只是在外力冲击下才不得不发生种种变化。总之,变是一定会变的,却有主动被动、全面片面、深刻浮浅之别。三十年来的历史证明,只有积极认真的改革开放才能带来自觉和根本性的观念变革,使中国人在实现国家现代化的同时,完成自身的现代化。而人的现代化不但是完成国家现代化的必要条件,更是一个国家现代化的标志和组成部分。当我们对三十年来走中国特色社会主义之路的经验进行总结和理论阐述的时候,无疑更应该增强改革开放的决心和信念。
China has a long history, with vast territory and many nationalities, and therefore, no socalled ＂national-character＂ free from the constraints of time and space. But the ＂national-character＂ can also be considered as a kind of regional culture, which is characteristic of humanities within a certain geographical area. In this sense, it is an objective reality. And a sociological analysis should be made of instead of coming to the simple conclusion just according to certain words or written record. For a country, or a nation, the basic characteristics of the humanities can be defined as specific geographical environment as well as the modes of production and way of life that have shaped in specific geographical environment. As far as Chinese ethnic groups （Han） are concerned, all these are reflected in their worldview, ethics, justice and benefit, and religion. If the so-called ＂ national-character＂ of Chinese ethnic groups is going to be made a not-too-vague discussion, may wish to start from these ideas for more specific analysis. Due to the China＇s geographical environment largely unchanged and the long history of agricultural society, these ideas can have a long-term continuation, and only change under the impact of the external force. Anyway, although the above change, there is the difference between active and passive, or all-side and one-side, or superficial and deep. Nearly three active and serious consideration of reform and opening up will as to complete the modernization of their own while realizing decades of history has proved that only the bring fundamental, conscious changes so the country＇s modernization. But human modernization is not only a necessary condition of realizing the country＇s modernization but also the symbol of the modernization and an integral part of the country. No doubt, the reform and opening up should be more strengthened and held on when we sum up the experience and theories of nearly three decades following the road of socialism with Chinese characteristi
出处
《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第2期5-20,共16页
Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
国民性
天下观
伦理观
义利观
宗教观
现代化
national-character
worldview
ethics
justice and benefit
religion
modernization
