摘要
目的探讨人体在寒冷自然环境中热反应规律。方法2007年11月底在新疆某市郊区(海拔约1 600 m,冬季室外最低温度-25℃,最高温度5℃,室内平均温度18℃),采用现场实测和问卷调查表的方式,对5位女性、15位男性(年龄20～32岁,当地居住时间5～8 a)在室内暖气环境和室外寒冷自然环境中的皮肤温度、热感觉特征和热舒适评价进行了调查。结果室外温度-4.3～-5.0℃、相对湿度65.2%～66.7%时,平均热感觉投票值(MTSV)介于-1.5(冷)和-3(很冷)之间,平均热舒适投票值(MTCV)大多分布在-3(很不舒服)附近。人体在冷环境中会出现不同程度的冷紧张感和身体不自主寒颤,鼻子、耳朵和手出现不同程度玫瑰红色,在外时间过长,眼睛开始干涩、流泪。人从室内中性环境进入室外寒冷环境立即产生冷感,但从室外寒冷环境进入室内中性环境,热感觉的变化有滞后。结论平均热感觉投票值和平均热舒适投票值均受温度、相对湿度、风速等综合影响。在低温环境下,湿度和风速能增加冷作用强度。人体对冷感觉的反应比对热感觉的反应更敏感。
Objective To explore the characteristics of human thermal response in the natural cold environment. Methods Investigated and contrasted the skin temperature, thermal response characteristic and thermal comfort results of five women and fifteen men, aged 20 to 32 years, 5 to 8 years of local living, in indoor warm environment and outdoor natural cold environment in the end of November,2007, in suburb of a city in Sinkiang （height 1 600 m, the lowest outdoor temperature in winter is -25℃ and the highest outdoor temperature in winter is 5℃, indoor average temperature is 18℃）. The measurement on site and questionnaires were used. Results The mean thermal comfort vote （MTCV） mostly distributes around -3 （mostly uncomfortable） when the outdoor temperature is -4.3--5.0 ℃, relative humidity is 65.2%-66.7%, The mean thermal sensation vote （MTSV） is -1.5 （clod） to -3 （quite cold）. Human body could appear different degree of cold intensity sense and the body could not help quivering. Noses, ears and hands appeared different degree of rose color. Eyes became dryness and weep after staying long time outdoor. Conclusion Temperature, relative humidity and wind speed all around affected the mean thermal sense vote value and mean thermal comfort vote value. In the environment of low temperature, humidity and wind speed could increase the intension of cold action. Human is more sensitive to cold sense than thermal sense.
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期104-106,共3页
Journal of Environment and Health
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(50778064)
关键词
寒冷
热反应
热舒适
Cold
Thermal response
Thermal comfort
