摘要
利用极轨气象卫星资料,结合地面能见度资料,对北京市2001-2005年的大雾信息进行了处理分析,生成了多种大雾遥感信息产品。利用处理结果,对2001-2005年北京地区大雾频次分布特点进行了分析。其中卫星遥感2001-2005年北京地区大雾天数统计图反映了近五年来北京市不同地区大雾出现的频次,卫星遥感各季节大雾天数统计图反映了不同季节北京地区大雾分布的时空变化特点,卫星遥感大雾程度指数(像元级空间尺度)反映了北京市不同区县单位面积大雾出现的频次差异。同时,根据卫星遥感大雾分析结果、形成大雾的最主要气象要素资料(地面温、压、湿)、地理信息、高程数据等,还对近5年北京市不同季节不同地区大雾分布的特征、时空变化的气象成因和主要大雾类型(平流雾、辐射雾)进行了分析。综合各种分析结果,北京市大雾分布存在以下几个特点:第一,北京地区的大雾虽一年四季均有发生,但存在明显的季节性特点,以夏秋季偏多,以冬春季偏少;第二,大雾频发区主要位于北京市东南部和中东部偏北的部分地区,西部相对较少;第三,受地形和地面环境流场影响,东南部大雾以平流雾为主,北部和西北部地区以辐射雾为主;第四,辐射雾发生频次与下垫面类型有密切关系,城市热岛对大雾的影响明显。
This paper mainly introduces the analysis of the feature of frequency of fog distribution derived from polar -orbiting meteorological satellites remote sensing in Beijing area in recent five years （ 2001 -2005 ）. The statistics map of number of fog days generated by remote sensing information reflects the fog frequency in different sub - area in Beijing area during 2001 -2005. The seasonal statistic map of number of fog days reflects the features of temporal and spatial of fog distribution in Beijing in different season. The fog extent index generated by remote sensing （ in one pixel resolution ） reflects the difference of fog frequency in unit size in different counties or districts in Beijing. The major meteorological factor causing fog weather （including surface temperature, surface relative humidity and surface wind ） taken from NCEP are used to analyze the meteorological condition causing the changing of fog distribution in temporal and spatial and the types of fog （ advection fog and radiation fog） mainly appeared in Beijing in different season （ spring, summer, autumn and winter）. The analysis summarizes the features, causes and types of fog distribution in Beijing in recent five years using remote sensing, conventional meteor- ological data, GIS data and altitude data. The paper also briefly introduces the principle theory and method for detecting and deriving fog information by using meteorological satellite data, the procedure of choosing satellite orbit by referring to the visibility data on ground observation, the data processing and products generating. As a conclusion, there exist several characterisitcs on fog distribution in Beijing as the following described： Firstly, heavy fogs appear in Beijing much more frequently in summer and autumn than in winter and spring; Secondly, heavy fogs always happen both in the south - east and north - east of Beijing, while seldom in the west ; In the third, fogs happening in the south - east are mainly strato - fogs while fogs happening in
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第1期23-31,共9页
Arid Land Geography
基金
北京市科委重大项目:《奥运会气象保障科学技术试验与研究》中的01课题《环境大气综合探测资料四维数据库技术研究》(项目合同号:H020620190091-H020620250230)的资助
关键词
卫星遥感
大雾频次
气象成因
Remote sensing
Fog Frequence
Meteorological Cause
