摘要
异种移植因可能解决同种异体供器官短缺的问题而成为全球研究热点。但迄今临床异种移植数量少，效果不理想。主要原因是：现有的大型哺乳类动物作为供者各有优缺点，尚未选出一种理想的动物供者；异种移植后将出现超急性排斥和急性血管性排斥，其后还可能有急性细胞性排斥和慢性排斥；人畜共患疾病和某些供者动物易患病可能跨越种间屏障危及人类受者甚至社区健康；动物脏器功能能否长期替代人类相应脏器功能均无答案。转基因猪和针对体液、细胞免疫的各种抑制措施可能有助于解决异种排斥问题；但异种移植最终用于临床前，须对动物疾病进行筛检防治，建立观察动物脏器在人体内环境工作的方法，进行深入探索，确保使用安全。
Xenotansplantation has become a global focus because it may solve the formidable problems in allotransplantation, that is, the donor source. Hitherto clinical xenotransplantion has been in the stage of research with limited cases and unsatisfactory results. The difficulties which hinder the progress of xenotransplantation include: the ideal animal donor has not been found, it is rather difficult to control the rejections (hyperacute rejection, acute vascular rejection, perhaps acute cellular rejection and chronic rejection) after xenotransplantation compared with those after allotransplantation, some animal diseases might be transmitted to and do harm to human recipients, even the community. It is still unknown whether the functions of animal organs can substitute those of human organs permanently. Transgenic pigs on research and various measurements to suppress humoral and cellular immunity may be helpful in overcoming the problems of xenogeneic rejections. Animal diseases should be prevented, screened and treated, and animal models should be established to study the possibility of satisfactory working of animal organs in human body before clinical xenotransplantation is widely practised.
出处
《中国修复重建外科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
1998年第2期99-107,共9页
Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery
基金
四川省科委重点科技项目
关键词
器官移植
异种移植
现状
转基因动物
Clinical xenotransplantation Breeding of inbred large aminal Trangenic large animal Prevention and treatment of animal disease Function of xenograft
