摘要
目的掌握2006年全国地方性砷中毒（简称地砷病）病情及防治措施落实进度，为全国地砷病防治提供依据。方法按《全国地方性砷中毒监测方案》，选择14个饮水型和3个燃煤污染型地砷病病区监测点，调查监测点所在县预防措施落实情况，监测点的病情及预防措施效果，采用银盐法（DDC—Ag法）或原子荧光法测定饮水、玉米、辣椒、煤、尿含砷量。结果①饮水型病区监测县改水率为42．00％（126／300），改水工程报废率为1．04％（3／288）。水砷合格（≤0．05mg／L）率为86．67％（247／285）。燃煤污染型病区监测县8746个应改炉灶均已完成，高砷煤使用率为51．08％（355／695），铁炉使用合格率为75．05％（358／477），烧煤台灶使用合格率为58．13％（286／492）。②17个监测点中，有4个监测点地砷病患病率（不包括可疑患者）在10％～30％，5个监测点在4％。10％．8个监测点〈3％。③14个饮水型病区监测点中，饮水含砷量≤O．05mg／L的有6个，占监测点总数的42．86％：3个燃煤污染型病区监测点中，安龙石、rVI村有部分煤样含砷量〉100mg／kg，3个监测点辣椒含砷量（均数）均超过国家标准（≤0．50mg／kg），玉米含砷量（均数）均符合国家标准（≤0．7mg／kg）。结论①监测点地砷病病情无显著变化；②饮水型病区监测县，2006年改水措施落实无进展，但有新的报废工程出现；监测点居民高砷暴露依然严重：③燃煤污染型病区监测县，仍有一半的病区户在使用高砷煤，炉灶使用合格率有下降趋势；粮食砷污染与2005年比有所减轻，仍以辣椒为重。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of endemic arsenicosis and the progress made of control measures in China in 2006 so as to provide basis for endemic arsenicosis control in China. Methods The surveillance was carried out according to ＂the National Survey Scheme of Endemic Arsenicosis＂. The surveillance was carried out according to the national survey scheme of endemic arsenicosis. 14 drinking water type of and 3 coal-burning type of endemic areas were selected. The fulfillment and effects of control measures, and prevalence of arsenicosis were surveyed. Arsenic contents in drinking water, corn, chilli, coal and urine were detected by silver salt method （DDC-Ag） or atomic fluorescence method. Results （1）Forty-two percent（126/300） of the counties surveyed had improved water was 1.04% （3/288） of the projects fail to work, 86.67% （247/285） of water arsenic concentration was qualified. All the 8746 stoves were improved in the survey spots of coal-burning area. The rate of using high arsenic coal in survey spots was 51.08% （355/695）. The qualified rate of stove was 75.05% （358/477）, and that of kitchen stove was 58.13%（286/492）. （2）Among 17 survey spots, morbidities of endemic arsenicosis of 4 survey spots were between 10% and 30%, 5 spots were between 4% and 10%, and 8 spots were lower than 3%. （3） Among 14 survey spots, water arsenic concentrations of 6 spots were within safety threshold ≤〈0.05 mg/L, in a rate of 42.86%. Arsenic concentration in some of the coal samples from Shiyakou Village, Anlong County was over 100 mg/kg. All chilli arsenic contents（mean） of 3 survey spots outnumbered national standard（≤0.5 mg/kg） and corn arsenic contents （ mean ） were lower than national standard （ ≤0.7 mg/kg ）. Conclusions （1）The prevalence of endemic arsenicosis in survey spots remains unchanged. （2）No progress was made in the implementing water improving project in drinking water areas in 2006, some of the projects are running out. The populat
出处
《中国地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第1期61-65,共5页
Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology
基金
基金项目：卫生部疾病控制司委托项目（2005）
关键词
砷中毒
地方病
监测
Arsenic poisoning
Endemic disease
Surveillance
