摘要
以贵州省和湘西部分地区苗族聚居的边远山区亲自进行医药调查，其中的一条主要线索就是火在医疗保健方面应用上的成就。苗族用火作为一种外治疗法，有着异常丰富的形式和内容，成为苗医最原始最古老的外治法之一。在黔东南边远山区流行的古老的踩铧口疗法，即是用脚踩在烧红的犁铧口上后立即在患部来回熨烫，以治疗风湿疼痛，这种治法是巫师作法时穿、踩烧红的铧口的一种演变，但却是直接用于治疗人体的疾病，不同于巫术，并具有不受任何条件限制、取材方便，简便实用，颇具民族特色。黔东北松桃县用手从烧沸腾的油锅中直接捞出砖头石块烫熨患部治病的方法，也同属于火的应用的独特治法。另外还有用火灼烧患处的比叨巴疗法、火烙患处的比叨哦疗法、桐油点烧法、铁板烧烙法，以及打火针法、硫磺火针法和火酒灸法。同火间接有关的治法，如薰蒸疗法、药液热淋法、热熨法、热火拔筒法等，也有悠久的历史。苗族关于火的医疗保健应用，虽有着原始古朴的形式，却包含异常丰富的内容和独特的疗效，是苗族早期的医药成就之一。
In an investigation in Guizhou and certain parts of west Hunan, the author had numerous findings which prove early medical achievements of Miao People. Old and primitive as it is, external treatment with fire has played a very important role in preventing and combating diseases in Miao community and is still being used in some remote or secluded areas. One of the therapies is known as “plowshare Tramping” treatment. This means that the doctor first tramps on the blade of a redburned plow with the feet and soon moves them onto the affected part of the patient, performing a toandfro hot pressing maneuver for such diseases as rheumatic pain. Though it evolved from the performance of sorcerers who used to dance with redburned plows on the feet during their service, the treatment has been used to deal with diseases, hence it differs from sorcery. In Songtao, an autonomous county of Miao nationality in northeast Guizhou, a folk doctor in a Miao village dived his hands into a cauldron of boiling oil to take certain object heated in the oil and applied it to the part of a patient to be treated as a hot pressing treatment. This can also be regarded as a form of application of fire for medical purpose. Other forms include “Bidaoba” treatment (directly burn the affected part with a flame), “Bidaowo” treatment (apply a piece of redhot charcoal etc. to the affected part), Dippingtungoil treatment (heat redhot something such as a metal stick in a fire, dip it in tung oil while it is hot and soon apply it to the affected part) and so on. Medical use of fire is old and primitive, but it has abundant forms and techniques with unique curative effects and notable distinction of Miao nationality.
出处
《中华医史杂志》
CAS
1998年第1期40-43,共4页
Chinese Journal of Medical History
关键词
苗族
火俗
医疗保健
医学史
Miao nationality, Habits on fire, Health care, Origin
