摘要
目的:了解江阳区鼠类、蝇类、蚊类、蟑螂种群构成、密度和季节消长情况,为制定相应传染病综合防治措施提供科学依据。方法:选取江阳区瓦窑坝粮库作为监测点,采用标准中号捕鼠夹捕鼠,对捕捉的鼠类分类计数,对不同鼠类种群制作标本保存;在特殊行业、垃圾处理场、机关、居民区、绿化地带等不同的生态环境中,选择5个监测点监测,作为4～11月定点监测对象,采用蝇笼捕捉法,对捕捉的蝇类毒杀后分类计数,对不同蝇类种群制作标本保存。将江阳区16个乡镇街分为东西南北中5个片区,在5个片区中随机抽取1个乡镇街的1个组或社区作为监测点,每个监测点选取5户居民户,采用电动吸蚊器定时吸蚊,对捕捉的成蚊毒杀后分类计数,对不同蚊类种群制作标本保存;在江阳区城区随机抽取5个单位作为监测点,采用使用统一规格捕蟑盒诱捕,对捕获蟑螂分类计数。不同种类制作标本保存。结果:共捕获鼠类三种35只,优势鼠种是褐家鼠,占鼠类种群的77%。总体季节消长为7～8月高峰。监测发现的蝇类种群有三科、5属、8种,优势种群为丝光绿蝇、,铜绿蝇、大头金蝇、分别占种群的28%,25%,16%。总体季节消长5～7月份高峰。监测发现的蚊类种群共5种。其优势种群为:骚扰阿蚊、三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊,分别占种群的40.45%,27.24%,21.51%。总体消长趋势为:6月、9月呈现两个高峰,6月为最高峰,9月为次高峰。监测发现的蟑螂种群有4种,优势种群为东方大蠊和德国小蠊,分别占40%与32%。总体季节消长为:3月份出现,6月份高峰。结论:鼠类是鼠疫、钩端螺旋体病、流行性出血热等传染病的主要传播媒介;蝇类是肠道传染病的主要传播媒介、蚊类是乙脑、疟疾等传染病的主要传播媒介;蟑螂已被证明携带约100余种对脊椎动物致病的细菌,真菌、蠕虫卵、原虫,还可以作为念珠棘虫、短膜壳绦虫
Objective:Do research about rodent population composition,density and seasonal fluctuation in number,which aims to provide scientific basis for developing comprehensive measures to prevent and control infectious disease spread by rats.Method:Selected Wa Yaoba grain depot as monitoring site in this district,catching rats by standard medium rattrap,counted and classified them into different species and preserving as specimens.Result:Caught rats in total of 35 in three different species.The dominant species is R.norvegicus.The peak for seasonal fluctuation in number lasts from July to August.Conclusion:R is the main media for spreading Infectious diseases such as Nanukayami and Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever.By acquiring information about the rodent population composition,density and seasonal fluctuation in number in our district,we are able to make the corresponding forecast of infectious diseases,and take appropriate measures for rodent prevention and elimination,as well as the relevant control for occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases.
关键词
江阳区
鼠类
蝇类
蚊类
蟑螂
种群
密度
季节消长
防治
Jiangyang District
rat
population
density
seasonal fluctuation
prevention and control
