摘要
在敦煌乐谱的第二组、第三组中各录有一首以古代西域伊州(今新疆哈密一带)命名的乐曲;在第一组、第二组中尚各录有一首《倾杯乐》。这两首乐曲和西域音乐家曹妙达在隋朝宫廷传授的《倾杯曲》、西域音乐家裴神符在唐朝宫廷所作的琵琶曲《倾杯乐》同名。敦煌乐谱第一组10曲所用的音阶和现今新疆传存的维吾尔木卡姆音阶基本相同。以上可证,这些古曲和西域音乐有着密切的关系。此外,这第一组乐曲中的第2、5曲所用的音阶为八声音阶。据北宋陈《乐书》记载,这种音阶源于西域龟兹筚篥,《隋书.音乐志》所载郑译向龟兹音乐家苏祗婆学了龟兹琵琶后所创的"八音之乐",亦属这一音阶体系。这种具有西域特色的音阶,在敦煌乐谱中尚有公元933年之前实际存在的古曲可作证据,故今天我们应还其历史面貌,称其为"龟兹音阶"。
In the second and third group of Dunhuang music notes there is one piece named after Yizhou （now known as Hami in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region） in ancient Western Regions. Also in the first and second group of music notes there is a piece entitled Bottoms Up. The two pieces are the same with the piece that the Western musician Cao Miaoda taught and played in the royal palace of Sui Dynasty and also in the same name with piece that the musician Pei Shenfu composed for Bipa in Tang Dynasty. The music scales used to compose the ten pieces in the first group are the same with the Uyghur Mukam music scale now in Xinjiang. Besides, the second and fifth piece in the first group all used the eight category scale. According to the record in the Music Book by Chen ~ang in North Song Dynasty, such scale originated from Bili in ancient Qiuci of the Western Regions. According to the record in History of Music of the Book of Sui, Zheng Yi learnt to exactly the eight - category music piece. The play Bipa from the musician Su Zhipo and later co music scale characteristic of western music can be reposed verified with evidence from the ancient music pieces found in the music notes in 933 A. D. Today, we need to restore its original name of Qiuci Scale.
出处
《文化艺术研究》
2008年第1期97-109,共13页
Studies in Culture and Art
关键词
敦煌乐谱
西域古曲
龟兹乐
八音之乐
龟兹音阶
Dunhuang music notes
ancient music pieces in the Western Regions
Qiuci music
eight -category music
Quici Scale
