摘要
湄公河流域正在经历巨大的变化,包括水资源的高强度开发。尽管采取不同的开发计划对于经济发展很重要,但是由于开发可能引起的对于生态系统和人类生活的消极影响估计是很显著的。然而,在很多情况下,目前进行的影响评价过程远远不够,甚至不能在不同水平上反映真实的影响程度。本文集中讨论在湄公河流域进行的不同的影响评价过程及其面临的挑战。提出在这类复杂和动态的背景下进行的影响评价需要在不同水平上的评价过程之间进行更好地协调。流域范围的影响评价会受益于更适应性的多水平的方法,这种方法能够更好地利用从地方水平到区域水平的评价,并且建立在大众参与和学科间方法的基础上。进行成功的影响评价也需要认识到水资源开发和相关计划过程的高度政治化特征。
The Mekong River Basin is facing rapid changes,including intensive plans for water development.While the different development projects are considered to be important for economic development,the negative impacts that they are likely to cause for ecosystems and livelihoods are estimated to be remarkable. Yet,existing impact assessment processes seem in many cases to be inadequate to capture even the actual magnitude of the impacts at different levels.This article looks at the different impact assessment processes and their challenges in the basin.It is argued that impact assessment in this kind of dynamic and complex setting requires better coordination between assessments at different levels.Basinwide impact assessment would benefit from a more adaptive, multilevel approach that makes better use of assessments from local levels up to the regional level and builds on more participatory and interdisciplinary methods.Successful impact assessment also requires the recognition of the highly political nature of water development and related planning processes.
