摘要
HIV感染的实验室检测是HIV感染者和AIDS患者的最基本诊断依据。但是，HIV检测不是单纯的业务项目，与其他传染病实验室检测项目不同，特别要求HIV检测的敏感度和特异度几近100％。如果其结果假阳性，会影响个人、家庭和社会的稳定，甚至导致受检者过激行为，有自杀举动；如果是假阴性，则会造成受检者不能及时接受医学干预，可以通过血液和性生活辗转传播，增加对社会的传染性。截至2007年底，全国已批准了HIV筛查实验室6918家，确认实验室202家。为此卫生部正式颁布的《全国艾滋病检测工作管理办法》（下称办法），其目的是使HIV检测工作走上法制化管理，是当前AIDS作为我国重点防治疾病的一项技术保障措施。本文还就《办法》发展和出台的过程，以及当前医院检验科要特别关注对《办法》执行过程中某些条款的理解，均作了简要说明。
Laboratory testing for HIV infection is the most basic diagnosis evidence for HIV infection and case with AIDS. However, HIV testing is not only professional issue but also quite psychologically different from other tests for infectious diseases. It requires that the HIV test need reach up nearly both 100% of the sensitivity and specificity, ff false positivity occurs, it may cause personal, familial and social problems, even result in extremist behavior such as action of suicide. If false negativity occur, it may lead not to receive medical intervention promptly and to increase infection for society due to blood and sexual transmission modes. As of December 2007, there were 6 918 HIV screening labs and 202 HIV confirmatory labs, which has been approved in China. Therefore, the purpose of ＂the regulation on national management of HIV laboratory testing＂ （Management） is to require the management of HIV laboratory testing work legally and to ensure the testing as a technical protection measure for priority prevention and control of AIDS in the country. This paper presents the development and formulation of the Management, and also describes people＇s concern and understand some key points to carry out the Management in hospital laboratory departments currently.
出处
《中华检验医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第10期1091-1094,共4页
Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine
