摘要
自19世纪中叶社会学创立以来,功能论、冲突论、交换论的社会学家们都对权力问题进行了不同角度的理论探索。帕森斯和吉登斯一致认为权力是个体或组织为了实现某种目标或利益的一种社会资源;福柯认为权力是一种多形态的、流动性的场与网络,具有多元性、分散性和生产性等特征;托夫勒认为权力是有目的性地支配他人的力量,其基本构成要素是暴力、财富和知识;马克思认为权力是社会关系的一种体现,即一方支配另一方的一种力量;韦伯、米尔斯及达伦多夫等冲突论学者一致认为权力就是一个人或一些人在社会行动中不顾参与该行为的其他人的反抗而实现自己意志的一种能力;布劳认为权力是在不平等的交换关系中,个人或群体将其意志强加于其他人的一种能力;在霍曼斯看来,权力是一种为他人提供某种有价值报酬的能力。
Since sociology was generated in the middle period of the 19th century, from different perspectives, sociologists who belong to different schools such as function theory, conflict theory and exchange theory have carded on explorations to the theme of ＂Power＂ Parsons. T and Giddens. A agree that the power is the ability of activating resource for individual or organization to gain some goals or profits. Foucault. M considers the power as a net with several relations and forms. It is diversified, scattered and productive. In Alvin Toffler＇s opinion, the power is the energy of controlling other people with purposes, and a social power. It constitutes violence, wealth and knowledge. Marx. K thinks that the power is a social relation, that is to say, energy of controlling others. In the eyes of conflict theory sociologists such as Weber. M, Mills. C. W, Dahrendorf. R and so on, it is the ability of carrying your will through in the process of action, even if others who take part in the action disagree with you. In Blua. P＇s opinion, it is the ability of imposing will on others for individual or organization in the process of exchanging. But Homans. G. C thinks of the power as an ability of offering some valuable thing for others.
出处
《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第5期78-82,共5页
Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目"推进以改善民生为重点的社会体制改革研究"(07ASH011)
